[Abstract] Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes of Oncomelania snail distribution in regions with different epidemic types and degrees of Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the evidence for implementing the feasible schistosomiasis control strategy. Methods A retrospective survey was performed, and the 5-year database of snail status in Jiangsu Province was established based on the collected reports of snail habitat cards and schistosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008. Changes of snail areas, infected snail areas, infection rates of snails in different years were analyzed, and the annual variations of snail areas, infected snail areas and infection rates of snails in areas with different epidemic types and degrees were compared, and their variation trend charts year by year were dropped. Results The actual snail areas and infected snail areas decreased by 3 799.86 hm2 and 2 006.35 hm2, respectively in Jiangsu Province, 2006—2008, with the annual mean decreasing rates of 9.64% and 18.83%. Among them, the actual snail areas in marshland and lake regions, water net regions and mountainous regions decreased by 3546.10, 209.19 hm2 and 44.57 hm2, respectively, with the annual mean decreasing rates of 9.59%, 10.29% and 11.18%, respectively. An area of 22.02 hm2 of new snail habitats was detected during the 5 years, and the water net regions accounted for 89.24%. The proportions of actual snail areas in historical snail areas were between 2.77% and 5.36%. Among them, the proportions of actual snail areas in historical accumulative snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 13.29%-22.82%, 0.88%-3.54% and 0.14%-0.32%, respectively, and there were significant differences among them (all P values were less than 0.01). The constituent ratios of the actual snail areas were 93.79%-95.60%, 3.67%-5.45% and 0.73%-1.01%, respectively in marshland and lake regions, water net regions and mountainous regions from 2004 to 2008. The infection rate of snails in Jiangsu Province reduced from 0.15% in 2004 to 0.02% in 2008, with a reduction rate of 85.50% (P<0.01). The constituent ratios of infected snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 98.15%—100%, 0—0.81%, and 0—1.43%, respectively. Conclusions As a whole, there is a decreasing tendency of snail areas and infected snail areas in Jiangsu Province, and the snail control was consolidated step by step in transmission-interrupted areas. The control of snails in marshland and lake regions and infected snails in transmission-uncontrolled areas effectively are the key points in the future schistosomiasis control of Jiangsu Province.