Abstract: Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and control of O. hupensis is of great significance in schistosomiasis control. As an amphibious mollusk, O. hupensis is frequently distributed in the fluctuating zones of rivers and lakes, and its distribution is along the water system and watershed. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge on the impact of watershed factors on the landscape and dynamic changes of O. hupensis distribution. As a novel discipline, watershed ecology will help reveal the internal relationship of snail distribution, identify the vulnerable areas of snail distribution, and define the priority areas for snail control and protection based on the specific needs of schistosomiasis control and ecological protection of the Yangtze River. In addition, watershed ecology may be used to evaluate the impact of water resource development projects on snail control from the perspective of watershed hierarchy.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis, Watershed ecology, Schistosomiasis

摘要： 湖北钉螺是日本血吸虫的唯一中间宿主，控制钉螺在血吸虫病防治工作中具有重要意义。钉螺属水陆两栖软体动物，常分布于河流和湖泊消落带，具有沿水系分布的特征，呈流域性分布。既往研究较少关注流域因素对钉螺种群分布格局及动态变化的影响。流域生态学作为一门新兴学科，将有助于揭示钉螺分布内在联系、识别钉螺分布脆弱区域；同时可结合血吸虫病控制和长江生态保护具体需求，规划钉螺控制与保护优先区域。同时，流域生态学还能从流域嵌块层级性评估已建或拟建水利工程对钉螺控制的影响。

关键词: 湖北钉螺, 流域生态学, 血吸虫病