Abstract: Under the dual pressure of emerging zoonoses and the difficulty in eliminating conventional zoonoses, many uncertainties in global control of infectious diseases are challenging the achievement of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. One Health, developed on the basis of understanding the relationship between human diseases and animal diseases, is conducive to the prevention and control of zoonoses. The connotation of “One Health” is mainly explained by three aspects, namely the systems thinking mode of “unity of environment and man”, the practice guidance of “multi⁃sectoral concert” and the economic evaluation strategy of “cost⁃effectiveness analysis”. One Health approach has been successfully applied in the control of major infectious diseases in China, such as schistosomiasis, leading to remarkable achievements; however, there are still multiple challenges. This review proposes that much attention should be paid to top⁃level design, the difference between emerging zoonoses and conventional zoonoses, and the dynamic process of One Health governance during the development and application of One Health.

Key words: Zoonosis, One Health, Integrated control

摘要： 在新发人兽共患病不断涌现和传统人兽共患病消除困难的双重压力下，当前全球人兽共患病控制仍存在诸多不确定性，对实现联合国可持续发展目标造成了挑战。“全健康”理念是人们在认识人类疾病与动物疾病间关系的基础上发展而来，有助于人兽共患病防控。“全健康”的内涵主要体现在三个“一”，即“天人合一”的系统思维方式、“整齐划一”的实践指导方法、“一本万利”的经济评价策略。中国在血吸虫病等重大人兽共患传染病控制中成功应用了全健康理念，并取得了显著成就，但同时面临诸多挑战。在全健康发展与应用中，应注重顶层设计、新发疾病与传统疾病有别、全健康治理动态过程。 ［关键词］　

关键词: 人兽共患病, 全健康, 综合防治