Abstract: Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, and is categorized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Following the concerted efforts for more than 70 years, great achievements have been made in the national schistosomiasis control program in China, and the prevalence, disability and mortality due to schistosomiasis has remarkably dropped. Nevertheless, the frequent identification of imported schistosomiasis and the resulting potential transmission risk in mainland China have been recently paid much attention following the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative” and the China⁃Africa Cooperation Forum. This review describes the advances in the diagnostic tools for schistosomiasis, including pathogenic techniques, immunodiagnostic techniques and nucleic acid assays, in order to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements and promote the capability for detection of external biological safety risks.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Diagnosis, Transmission risk, Nucleic acid assay

摘要： ［摘要］　血吸虫病是一种重要的人兽共患寄生虫病，被WHO归类为被忽视的热带病。经过70年的努力，我国血吸虫病防控工作取得了巨大成就，血吸虫感染率和致残致死率显著下降。近年来，随着“一带一路”倡议、中非合作深入推进，输入性血吸虫病病例时有报告，输入性血吸虫病在中国大陆的潜在传播风险值得关注。为了更好地巩固血吸虫病防控成果、提升对外部生物安全风险的检测能力，本文对血吸虫病病原学、免疫学与核酸等诊断技术研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 诊断, 传播风险, 核酸技术