Chin J Schisto Control ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 414-.

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Spatial-temporal distribution of malaria in Jiangxi Province from 1950 to 2017

GONG Yan-Feng, LEI Lei, LI Zhi-Hong, SHANG-GUAN Jun, ZHENG Jian-Gang*   

  1. Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
  • Online:2019-09-27 Published:2019-09-27

1950-2017年江西省疟疾时空分布特征分析

龚艳凤,雷蕾,李志宏,上官俊,郑建刚*   

  1. 江西省疾病预防控制中心(南昌330029)
  • 作者简介:龚艳凤,女,副主任医师。研究方向:疟疾防治
  • 基金资助:
    江西省卫生计生委科技项目(20156005)

Abstract: Objective To explore the spatial?temporal distribution of malaria in Jiangxi Province from 1950 to 2017, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing the malaria elimination strategy. Methods The epidemic situation of malaria, demographic data, historical species of malaria parasites and transmission vectors were collected from each county of Jiangxi Province from 1950 to 2017 to create a geographic information system database of malaria in Jiangxi Province. The software ArcGIS 10.3 was used to analyze the incidence of malaria and display the spatial?temporal distribution of malaria in Jiangxi Province, so as to explore the spatial?temporal patterns of malaria in the province. Results From 1950 to 2017, the prevalence of malaria was classified into 3 stages in Jiangxi Province, including the peak period (from 1950 to 1975), the continuous decline period (from 1976 to 1997), and the low?level fluctuation period (from 1998 to 2017). During the period from 1950 through 2017, the incidence of malaria declined, the epidemic area of malaria shrank, and the intensity of malaria transmission gradually reduced to no local infections in Jiangxi Province. The spatial distribution of epidemic areas of malaria shifted from southern mountainous areas to northern plain areas, and finally aggregated, retained and disappeared in plain areas. The species of malaria parasites shifted from a co?endemic area for Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae to a single endemic area for P. vivax, and finally a co?endemic area for imported P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale. The transmission vectors shifted from multiple vectors of Anopheles sinensis, An. minimus, An. anthropophagus and others to a single vector of An. sinensis. Conclusions There are no local malaria cases for successive 6 years since 2012, and the transmission of malaria has been interrupted in Jiangxi Province, in which the criteria for malaria elimination have been achieved. However, the risk of malaria transmission secondary to imported malaria will emerge in Jiangxi Province for a long period of time.

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Geographic information system, Spatial?temporal characteristic, Jiangxi Province

摘要: 目的 探索1950–2017年江西省疟疾时空分布特征,为江西省疟疾流行因素研究和消除疟疾策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 收集1950–2017年江西省以县为单位疟疾疫情和人口数据、历史流行虫种和传播媒介等资料,建立江西省疟疾地理信息系统(GIS)数据库。利用ArcGIS 10.3软件进行江西省疟疾发病数据分析和时空展示,探讨其空间分布特征。结果 1950–2017年,江西省疟疾发病大致可分为3个阶段,分别为1950–1975年高峰期、1976–1997年持续下降期和1998–2017年低水平波动期,期间经历了疟疾发病率下降、流行区范围缩小、流行程度显著降低到无本地感染病例的过程。疟疾流行区在空间分布上经历了由南部山区向北部平原转移,最后在平原聚集、滞留、徘徊和消散的过程;疟疾流行虫种经历了间日疟、恶性疟、三日疟混合流行向单一间日疟流行,再到输入间日疟、恶性疟、三日疟和卵形疟混合流行。传播媒介经历了中华按蚊、微小按蚊、嗜人按蚊等多种按蚊分布的复合媒介地区向中华按蚊单一媒介的变化过程。结论 自2012年起江西省连续多年无本地感染疟疾病例,阻断了疟疾传播,达到了消除疟疾标准,但输入性疟疾继发本地传播的风险将长期存在。

关键词: 疟疾, 消除, 地理信息系统, 时空特征, 江西省

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