Abstract: The Rho subfamily of GTPase belongs to the Ras superfamily of small GTP binding protein， it is a nucleotide dependent protein， which plays a "molecular switch" function in the signal transduction process and control of numerous signaling pathways. Rho protein has many biological effects on cytoskeleton or target proteins as a signal converter in signal transduction， such as the regulation of membrane transport function， cell migration， cell adhesion， and cell proliferation. It also plays a very important role in the infection and immune inflammation of the body. Rho protein is widely distributed in related immune cells， such as T cells， B cells， NK cells and so on. When the body is infected by microorganism， the immune inflammatory reaction will be regulated through a series of signal transduction mechanism， and Rho GTPases signal transduction mechanism is one of the important signal pathways. In this paper， we conclude that Rho GTPases how to regulate the body's immune response through its signal pathway， and ultimately affect the body's immune response.

Key words: Rho GTPase； Infection； Inflammation； Immune regulation

摘要： Rho GTPases亚家族是属于Ras超家族的一类核苷酸依赖型小GTP结合蛋白，即小G蛋白（Small GTPases）。它们在细胞信号转导过程中发挥着“分子开关”的作用，控制着众多信号转导途径。在细胞信号转导过程中，Rho GTPases主要作用于细胞骨架或靶蛋白，从而调节多种生物学效应，如细胞膜运输和细胞迁移、黏附、增殖等。此外，Rho GTPases在机体感染与炎症中亦扮演着非常重要的角色。Rho蛋白广泛分布于T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞等免疫细胞中，当机体受到外来微生物、寄生虫等攻击后，Rho蛋白会通过一系列信号转导机制来激活机体的免疫炎症反应， Rho GTPases信号转导通路就是其中的一个非常重要的信号通路。本文主要就Rho GTPases通过其信号通路调控机体免疫反应而最终影响机体免疫应答作一综述。　

关键词: Rho GTPase；感染；炎症；免疫调节