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Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People’s Republic of China in 2020 ZHANG Li⁃Juan, XU Zhi⁃Min, YANG Fan, DANG Hui, Li Yin⁃Long, LÜ Shan, CAO Chun⁃Li, XU Jing, LI Shi⁃Zhu, ZHOU Xiao⁃Nong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2021, 33 (3): 225-.   Abstract （5502）      PDF（pc） （1047KB）（1754）       Knowledge map    Save This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2020, and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2020. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China, with 28 376 endemic villages covering 71 370 400 people at risk of infections. Among the 450 endemic counties (cities, districts), 74.89% (337/450), 21.87% (98/450) and 3.33% (15/450) achieved the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. By the end of 2020, 29 517 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China. In 2020, 11 117 655 individuals received inquiry examinations and 1 798 580 were positive; 5 263 082 individuals received serological tests and 83 179 were sero⁃positive. A total of 273 712 individuals received stool examinations and 3 were positive, including one case of acute schistosomiasis. In 2020, snail survey was performed in 19 733 endemic villages in China and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 309 villages, accounting for 37.04% of all surveyed villages, with 15 villages identified with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey covered an area of 736 984.13 hm2 and 206 125.22 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 1 174.67 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 1.96 hm2 habitats with infected snails. In 2020, 544 424 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis⁃endemic areas of China, and 147 887 received serological examinations, with 326 positives detected, while 130 673 bovines received stool examinations, with no positives identified. In 2020, there were 19 214 patients with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 964 103 person⁃time individuals and 266 280 herd⁃time bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2020, molluscicide treatment was performed in 136 141.92 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 71 980.22 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 464.03 hm2. Data from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero in humans and bovines in 2020, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. The results demonstrate that the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remains at a low level in China and the goal of the National Thirteenth Five⁃Year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control was achieved as scheduled; however, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis rebounded in local areas. Precision schistosomiasis control and intensified monitoring of the endemic situation and transmission risk of schistosomiasis are required to be performed to facilitate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis steadily. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress of schistosomiasis control in People’s Republic of China in 2021 ZHANG Li⁃juan, XU Zhi⁃min, YANG Fan, HE Jun⁃yi, DANG Hui, LI Yin⁃long, CAO Chun⁃li, XU Jing, LI Shi⁃zhu, ZHOU Xiao⁃nong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (4): 329-.   Abstract （1691）      PDF（pc） （1069KB）（1720）       Knowledge map    Save This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2021. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2021. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2021, with 27 571 endemic villages covering 73 250 600 people at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 75.17% (339/451), 22.17% (100/451) and 2.66% (12/451) achieved the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. By the end of 2021, 29 037 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China. In 2021, 4 405 056 individuals received serological tests and 72 937 were sero⁃positive. A total of 220 629 individuals received stool examinations and 3 were positive. In 2021, snail survey was performed in 19 291 endemic villages in China and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 026 villages, accounting for 36.42% of all surveyed villages, with 12 villages identified with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey was performed at an area of 686 574.46 hm2 and 191 159.91 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 1 063.08 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 5 113.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2021, 525 878 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China, and 115 437 received serological examinations, with 231 positives detected. Among the 128 719 bovines received stool examinations, no positives were identified. In 2021, there were 19 927 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 729 113 person⁃time individuals and 256 913 herd⁃time bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2021, snail control with chemicals was performed in 117 372.74 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 640.5 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 244.25 hm2. Data from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero in humans and bovines in 2021, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. The results demonstrate that the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2021; however, the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination was slowed and the areas of snail habitats rebounded mildly. Strengthening researches on snail diffusion and control, and improving schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast are recommended to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Status and control of common food⁃borne parasitic diseases in China: a review HUANG Ji⁃Lei, WANG Yao, ZHOU Xia Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2021, 33 (4): 424-.   Abstract （1559）      PDF（pc） （1011KB）（1310）       Knowledge map    Save Food⁃borne parasitic diseases include meat⁃borne, fish⁃borne, plant⁃borne, water⁃borne, mollusk⁃borne and freshwater crustacean⁃borne parasitic diseases. The review summarizes the current status and control of 6 major food⁃borne parasitic diseases in China, including clonorchiasus, paragonimiasis, Taenia solium taeniasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis and angiostrongyliasis, aiming to increase the understanding of food⁃borne parasitic diseases and provide insights into the development of the control strategy for food⁃borne parasitic diseases. The transmission of food⁃borne parasitic diseases are predominantly associated with diet, and neither eating raw nor semi⁃cooked food is the most effective measure to prevent the development of food⁃borne parasitic diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress of schistosomiasis control in Dongting Lake regions HU Ben-Jiao, LI Sheng-Ming, ZHOU Jie, HOU Xun-Ya, ZHOU Yi-Biao, JIANG Qing-Wu, REN Guang-Hui Chin J Schisto Control    2020, 32 (3): 320-.   Abstract （1420）      PDF（pc） （971KB）（1600）       Knowledge map    Save As an ancient parasitic disease, schistosomiasis has been endemic in Dongting Lake areas for more than 2 100 years. In the early 20th century, the first human case of schistosomiasis in China was reported in Dongting Lake areas, which was paid extensive attention. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, large?scale schistosomiasis control activities were launched promptly in Dongting Lake areas, and great successes have been achieved following the three stages of control efforts, including the snail control?based stage, synchronous chemotherapy for humans and livestock?based control stage and infectious source control?based control stage. In 2015, transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in Hunan Province. This paper comprehensively describes the discovery and control of schistosomiasis, analyzes the challenges for the current schistosomiasis control programs and proposes the emphasis for future control activities in Dongting Lake areas, so as to provide insights into the schistosomiasis control program in this area. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A linguistic analysis of current situation of slogans in schistosomiasis health education ZHOU Li-Ying, DENG Yao, YANG Kun Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 189-191.   Abstract （1405）      PDF（pc） （932KB）（873）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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First report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province WANG Long-jiang, XU Yan, SUN Hui, ZHANG Ben-guang, KONG Xiang-li, HAN Hai-tao, LI Jin, LI Yue-jin, YANG Li-min, GUO Yun-hai, WANG Yong-bin Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (4): 407-.   Abstract （1392）      PDF（pc） （1136KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To characterize the species of invasive Pomacea snails that were discovered for the first time in Shandong Province. Methods　Pomacea snails samples were collected in the field of Jining City, Shandong Province on October 2021 for morphological identification. Pomacea snails were randomly sampled and genomic DNA was extracted from foot muscle tissues of Pomacea snails for multiplex PCR amplification. The PCR amplification product was sequenced. Then, the sequence was aligned and a phylogenetic tree was created using the software MegAlign 7.1.0. In addition, Angiostongylus cantonensis infection was detected in Pomacea snails with the lung microscopy. Results　A total of 104 living Pomacea snails were collected, and all were characterized as Pomacea spp. based on morphological features. Of 12 randomly selected adult Pomacea snails, multiplex PCR assay and sequencing identified eleven snails as P. canaliculata and one as P. maculata. No A. cantonensis infection was detected in 104 Pomacea snails. Conclusion　This is the first report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province, where P. canaliculata and P. maculata are found. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of Enmecon chionantha alkaloids on nervous system of Oncomelania hupensis SUN Hui, HUANG Qiong-Yao, PENG Fei, LIU Nian-Meng, YA Heng-Mei Chin J Schisto Control    2009, 21 (1): 50-51.   Abstract （1367）      PDF（pc） （1492KB）（564）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Function and significance of water conservancy and anti-schistosomiasis project to control schistosomiasis transmission in China XU Xing-Jian, LU Jin-You, PENG Xun Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (5): 403-406.   Abstract （1346）      PDF（pc） （1085KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save Over the years, the water resources development has played an important role in control of schistosomiasis transmission. Water conservancy projects, especially some mega-project construction in schistosomiasis endemic areas usually give rise to changes of the ecological environment in the project and downstream area. Some of ecological environmental changes rea conducive to control or elimination of schistosomiasis, but some ecological environment may lead to the spread of snails and schistosomiasis. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the effect of the water conservancy and anti-schistosomiasis project. Furthermore, hygienic evaluation of the under-construction large water conservancy projects are actively carried out by the health sector, and prevention and control measures are put forward according to the risk of snail spread in the projects. During the construction of the projects, the potential risk of snail spread can be reduced or eliminated as long as water conservancy and schistosomiasis control engineering measures are implemented, so as to achieve water conservancy, schistosomiasis control and other socio-economic comprehensive benefits. As to the research of prevention of snail spread, new technologues of snail hydraulic achievements have been incorporated into the Water Sector Technical Guidance file. At present, work of the water conservancy and schistosomiasis control is coming into institutionalization, normalization and standardization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Schistosomiasis situation in People's Republic of China in 2009 HAO Yang, ZHENG Hao, ZHU Rong, GUO Jia-Gang, WANG Li-Ying, CHEN Zhao, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (6): 521-527.   Abstract （1316）      PDF（pc） （1043KB）（1212）       Knowledge map    Save This paper overviewed the national endemic situation of schistosomiasis in China in 2009. By the end of 2009, a total of 365 770 cases of schistosomiasis japonica were estimated with a decrease rate of 11.42%. A total of 77 acute cases were reported, increased by 35.09% compared to those in 2008. A total of 24282 advanced cases were treated in 2009, increased by 14.42% compared to that in 2008. About 372 358. 69 hm2 of areas infested with Oncomelania snail were found in 2009, and about 879.42 hm2 newly detected areas were reported. There were 1570300 cattle raised in schistosomiasis transmission regions increased by 6.91% compared to that in 2008. The infection rate of cattle was 1.03% in 2009, with a reduction rate of 23.13% comparing to that in 2008. Yunnan Province had reached the national criteria of transmission control in 2009, which indicated that all mountainous regions in the country had achieved the national criteria of transmission control. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis transmission in China Zhou Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control

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Control strategy of schistosomiasis and key points in the 12th Five-Year Plan in China ZHOU Xiao-Nong, LIN Dan-Dan, WANG Tian-Ping, CHEN Hong-Gen, GUO Jia-Gang, LIANG You-Sheng, QIU Dong-Chuan, DONG Xin-Qi, LI Shi-Zhu Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (1): 1-4.   Abstract （1253）      PDF（pc） （1004KB）（1583）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the objective of long- and mid-term development program for schistosomiasis control in China, the paper presents an analysis of strategy for schistosomiasis control and its function in the 12th Five-Year Plan. Meanwhile, the strategy and key elements of schistosomiasis control for recent years are put forward for different endemic areas. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Retrospective investigation on national epidemic situation of schistosomiasis Ⅲ Changes of epidemic situation in endemic rebounded counties after the transmission of schistosomiasis under control or interruption XU Jing, LIN Dan-Dan, WU Xiao-Hua, ZHU Rong, WANG Qi-Zhi, LV Shang-Biao, YANG Guo-Jing, HAN Yang-Qing, XIAO Ying, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Wen, XIONG Meng-Tao, LIN Rui, ZHANG Li-Juan, XU Jun-Fang, ZHANG Shi-Qing, WANG Tian-Ping, WEN Li-Yong, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (4): 350-357.   Abstract （1230）      PDF（pc） （1134KB）（995）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation before and after reaching the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission control or transmission interruption in endemic rebounded areas, so as to offer the information for modifying the criteria of schistosomiasis control and elimination, and consolidating achievements of schistosomiasis control in People’s Republic of China. Methods Twelve counties with endemic rebound were selected from seven endemic provinces and investigated with the retrospective research method. The data including the epidemic information and relative materials 10 years before the counties reached the criteria of transmission control and several years later (until 2008 or 2009) were collected. The changes of epidemic situation of these counties before and after the transmission was under control or interrupted, and the factors causing the endemic rebound were analyzed. Results Counties consolidated the endemic situations with an average time of 5±3 years after the transmission control, with endemic rebound normally caused by single factor. The ratio of Oncomelania snail areas to historically accumulative snail areas increased over 10% in hilly endemic regions and lake endemic regions in 7 and 12 years separately, while it was stabilized in a low level in water-network endemic areas. The rebound peak time of infected snail densities was consistent with or later than that of densities of living snails. The prevalence of schistosome infection in humans in lake endemic regions rebounded 2 years after transmission under control. The transmission interruption counties consolidated the endemic situations with an average time of 7±4 years. The human prevalence of schistosome infection decreased to a very low level after the counties reaching the criteria of transmission interruption. The snail areas increased to over 2% of historically accumulative snail areas 3－6 years after transmission interruption in lake, water-network endemic areas successively, while densities of living snails and infected snails were increased at the same year or 2－3 years later. Conclusions The endemic rebound in regions after the transmission under control or interrupted is caused by biological, natural and social factors and mainly presents as the rebound of snail status. The modification of criteria for schistosomiasis control and elimination should consider the influence of variation of snails, snail areas and density of infected snails on endemic situations in different endemic areas comprehensively. Sensitive and valid surveillance and forewarning system should be established to strengthen the monitoring and consolidating endemic situation in endemic areas after the transmission under control or interrupted. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Epidemiological trends of schistosomiasis in Poyang County of Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2020 based on the Joinpoint regression model WU Xin⁃hua, WU Jun, XU Ren⁃mei, XIONG Ying, CHEN Zhe Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (1): 7-.   Abstract （1227）      PDF（pc） （1296KB）（660）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the dynamic changes of schistosomiasis in Poyang County of Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2020, so as to provide insight into the development of the schistosomiasis elimination strategy. Methods　Schistosomiasis control data were captured from Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis were collected from national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Poyang County from 2005 to 2020. The endemic status of schistosomiasis was analyzed in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and a Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to investigate the trends of schistosomiasis in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020. Results　The sero⁃prevalence and egg⁃prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 24.39% (24 976/102 397) and 4.53% (259/5 721) in 2004 to 5.37% (2 421/45 100) [annual percent change (APC) = average annual percent change (AAPC) = -8.64% ] and 0 (0/3 963) in 2020 (APC = AAPC = -32.07%) in Poyang County, and the trends were both significant (both P < 0.01). The sero⁃prevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 1.21% (294/24 332) in bovines in 2013 to 0.58% (35/5 999) in 2020 in Poyang County, with one turning point (AAPC = -8.20%，P > 0.05). There were no townships or villages with emerging snail habitats in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and there were three turning points of trend in the proportion of snail areas detected in total snail areas (AAPC = -2.30%，P > 0.01).The sero⁃prevalence and adjusted prevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 60.82% (742/1 220) and 10.16% (124/1 220) in local residents in 2005 to 5.73% (70/1 221) and 0 in 2020 in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Poyang County, and the trends for sero⁃prevalence (APC = AAPC = 17.47%, P < 0.01) and adjusted prevalence of S. japonicum infections (APC = AAPC = -44.92%, P < 0.01) were both statistically significant. S. japonicum infections were identified in 10 (2005) and 2 local livestock (2007), with prevalence of 10.00% (10/100) and 13.33% (2/15), respectively, and S. japonicum infections were detected in snails in 2008 and 2009; however, no positive samples of mixed O. hupensis were detected by loop⁃mediated isothermal amplification. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis control had remarkably reduced in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020; however, there are still challenges for consolidating schistosomiasis control achievements and even elimination of schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and application of the world’s first malaria subunit vaccine RTS, S/AS01 XU Wen⁃yue Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2021, 33 (6): 557-.   Abstract （1210）      PDF（pc） （643KB）（690）       Knowledge map    Save On October, 2021, the WHO announced the recommendation of RTS, S/AS01 for use among children living in moderately and highly malaria⁃endemic areas, which receives global attention. Here, the history of RTS, S/AS01 vaccine development and its role in malaria control are described. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic analysis of Oncomelania snail distribution in Jiangsu Province, 2004—2008 SUN Le-Ping, LIANG You-Sheng, TIAN Zeng-Xi, HONG Qing-Biao, YANG Guo-Jing, YANG Kun, WANG Wei, GAO Yang, HUANG Jing-Zhang, ZHANG Lian-Heng, GUO Jia-Hong, MIN Jie, HUANG Yi-Xin Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 26-30.   Abstract （1167）      PDF（pc） （919KB）（729）       Knowledge map    Save [Abstract] Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes of Oncomelania snail distribution in regions with different epidemic types and degrees of Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the evidence for implementing the feasible schistosomiasis control strategy. Methods A retrospective survey was performed, and the 5-year database of snail status in Jiangsu Province was established based on the collected reports of snail habitat cards and schistosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008. Changes of snail areas, infected snail areas, infection rates of snails in different years were analyzed, and the annual variations of snail areas, infected snail areas and infection rates of snails in areas with different epidemic types and degrees were compared, and their variation trend charts year by year were dropped. Results The actual snail areas and infected snail areas decreased by 3 799.86 hm2 and 2 006.35 hm2, respectively in Jiangsu Province, 2006—2008, with the annual mean decreasing rates of 9.64% and 18.83%. Among them, the actual snail areas in marshland and lake regions, water net regions and mountainous regions decreased by 3546.10, 209.19 hm2 and 44.57 hm2, respectively, with the annual mean decreasing rates of 9.59%, 10.29% and 11.18%, respectively. An area of 22.02 hm2 of new snail habitats was detected during the 5 years, and the water net regions accounted for 89.24%. The proportions of actual snail areas in historical snail areas were between 2.77% and 5.36%. Among them, the proportions of actual snail areas in historical accumulative snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 13.29%-22.82%, 0.88%-3.54% and 0.14%-0.32%, respectively, and there were significant differences among them (all P values were less than 0.01). The constituent ratios of the actual snail areas were 93.79%-95.60%, 3.67%-5.45% and 0.73%-1.01%, respectively in marshland and lake regions, water net regions and mountainous regions from 2004 to 2008. The infection rate of snails in Jiangsu Province reduced from 0.15% in 2004 to 0.02% in 2008, with a reduction rate of 85.50% (P<0.01). The constituent ratios of infected snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 98.15%—100%, 0—0.81%, and 0—1.43%, respectively. Conclusions As a whole, there is a decreasing tendency of snail areas and infected snail areas in Jiangsu Province, and the snail control was consolidated step by step in transmission-interrupted areas. The control of snails in marshland and lake regions and infected snails in transmission-uncontrolled areas effectively are the key points in the future schistosomiasis control of Jiangsu Province. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Causes of re?emergence of Oncomelania snails in hardened ditches DING Zhao-Jun, WUI Jia-Ping, WANG Dao-Fen, WEI Zhang-Yong, HE Bin, HE Ya-Lan, YU Yun-Song, WAN Jun Chin J Schisto Control    2013, 25 (2): 213-.   Abstract （1159）      PDF（pc） （1676KB）（817）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To understand the impact factors of the re?emergence of Oncomelania snails in hardened ditches so as to find out the measures to improve the effect of snail eradication. Methods Thirteen infected townships from Jingmen City were randomly selected and investigated with the retrospective method and the field survey. All the data were analyzed for evaluating the effect of the hardened ditches on snail eradication and finding out the causes of the re?emergence of snails in hardened ditches Re? sults After on?site investigation of 151 hardened ditches，the eradication rate of snail areas was 78.79%，and 71 ditches were founded with snails and the re?emergence rate was 47.02%. The major factors of the snail re?emergence were the spread of the snails from the upstream，the dilapidation of the hardened ditches，no using molluscicides before the hardened ditches，and the snails being brought by the engineering construction. Conclusions The only hardened ditches can not eradicate the snails. We should manage an overall plan when processing the ditches hardening project，implementation with molluscicides before the proj? ect and strengthen the maintenance of the hardened ditches. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Biblimetric study of schistosomiasis literature based on Web of Science YANG Pin, DAI Jing, GAO Shi, LI Shi-Zhu, SHENG Hui-Feng Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 20-25.   Abstract （1153）      PDF（pc） （927KB）（751）       Knowledge map    Save [Abstract] Objective To understand the progress in schistosomiasis research over the last 10 years through a biblimetric approach. Methods The literature was searched in Web of Science citation database (1998-2008) by using the following terms: “schistosomiasis*” or “schistosoma” or “schistosome”. The searching results were analyzed by the Derwent Analytics software concerning the article numbers and the total citations by countries, institutes and authors, and journal distribution, in an effort to discover schistosomiasis research progress in and outside China. Results The annual number of schistosomiasis articles published in Web of Science had little change from 1998 to 2008. The US played a leading role in the schistosomiasis research in the world. China had made a great progress in schistosomiasis research in recent years, but was still lagging behind developed countries. The vaccine and drug development, the immune mechanisms resulting in morbidity were the focuses of schistosomiasis research in the world. Meanwhile, the transcriptome and proteome of Schistosoma japonicum, schistosomiasis vaccines and drugs, spatial epidemiology were the focuses of research in China. Conclusion The research of schistosomiasis in China has been progressing rapidly, but is still lagging behind its international peers. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Validity evaluation of dipstic dye immuno-asay (DDIA) for screening in low endemic areas of schistosomiasis ZHANG Shi-Wei, CHENG Bin, QU Hong-Jie, CHEN Zhong-Min, ZOU Qin, CHU Li-Ping, ZHANG Lin, HE Huan-Ran, TANG Sheng-Hua, HUANG Xiao-Ping, YANG Hong-Mei Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 171-173.   Abstract （1151）      PDF（pc） （938KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Project management model and its evolution in schistosomiasis control programme of China ZHOU Xiao-Nong, JIA Tie-Wu, GUO Jia-Gang, WANG Li-Ying, JIANG Qiang-Wu Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 1-4.   Abstract （1150）      PDF（pc） （973KB）（932）       Knowledge map    Save The paper reviewed the project management model and its evolution in the national schistosomiasis control in China at different stages. The key factors impacting the progress of the control activities were analyzed by introducing the concept of project management, and the principles, i.e. objective management, temporal management, cost-effectiveness management, and quality management, that would have to be complied with in the future control activities were put forward, so as to accelerate the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Conditions of schistosomiasis laboratories at county level FENG Ting, XU Jing, HANG De-Rong, WU Zi-Song, TANG Li, WANG Qi-Zhi, YU Xin-Ling, ZENG Xiao-Jun, SHEN Mei-Fen, WU Cheng-Guo, YUAN Yi, GUO Jia-Gang, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (4): 370-376.   Abstract （1150）      PDF（pc） （6030KB）（785）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To understand the conditions of schistosomiasis laboratories at county level so as to supply the information for diagnostic capacity building. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted at 40 random selected counties which were in charge of national surveillance for schistosomiasis. The information of staffs, areas of laboratories, equipment configuration and diagnostic methods from each laboratory were collected. The serum specimens and Kato-Katz thick smears from the national surveillance sites were random selected and retested by provincial staffs to evaluate the testing ability of the personnel. Results The average age of laboratory staffs was 40.93±9.56 years old, and 69.39% of staffs were old than 35 years and 86.22% of them had education background below bachelor degree. Except missed professional titles of four persons, the staffs with primary, middle and high professional titles accounted for 56.63%, 39.29%, and 2.04%, respectively. The laboratory areas varied greatly while independent schistosomiasis stations had the lowest areas with 52.81±40.08 m2, and the equipment configurations of laboratories were in a low level. The consistency rates of primary test and reexamination for serum specimens and thick smear slides were 95.89% and 99.53%, respectively, with the kappa value over 0.90. Nine immunodiagnostic kits were used in these laboratories, and Kato-Katz technique and miracidium hatching technique were the main parasitological methods. Conclusions The personnel structure of laboratories at primary prevention and treatment facilities for schistosomiasis is unreasonable, while the basic infrastructure of laboratories is backward and the use of diagnostic assays/methods is disordered. The diagnostic capacity building should be strengthened, and the construction and management of schistosomiasis laboratories should be standardized. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction and evaluation of a novel dendrimer vector-DNA vaccine for schistosomiasis japonica WANG Xiao-Ting, ZHU Yin-Chang, GAO Qiu-Duan, GUO Ling-Xiang, LI Xin-Song Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 5-12.   Abstract （1096）      PDF（pc） （940KB）（705）       Knowledge map    Save [Abstract] Objective To construct and evaluate a novel PAMAM dendrimers vector - DNA vaccine for schistosomiasis japonica. Methods Lysine was used to modify 4.0G PAMAM, and the modified product PAMAM-Lys was synthesized. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the  composite ratio of plasmid DNA and dendrimer. Microstructure of the compound was observed using a transmission electronic microscopy, and the stability was analysized using electrophoresis. The viability of the cells transfected with dendrimers was evaluated using a MTT technique in vitro. Fiftyty mice were immunized with purified plasmid pJW4303, pJW4303-Sj23 dendrimer PAMAM-Lys and compound PAMAM-Lys/pJW4303-Sj23, respectively. The specific antibodies of the mice in each group were detected to access the immunoreactivity. Results The agarose gel electrophoresis showed that at the charge ratio of the dendrimer vector and DNA with 2 to 4, the positive and negative charges could be counteracted completely, and the compound was blocked completely by DNA electrophoresis. The observation results with transmission electronic microscopy showed that the composition of dendrimer vector and DNA caused shrink of DNA structure. Dendrimer - DNA compound had good stability. MTT showed the modified dendrimer vector and DNA compound system produced lower cell toxicity on 293T cell than that of the unmodified ones. The levels of specific antibodies of the mice immunized with PAMAM-Lys/pJW4303-Sj23 were significantly higher than those of the mice immunized with naked DNA vaccine (P<0.05). Conclusions The lysine-modified PAMAM-Lys is an excellent vector, and has appropriate biocompatibility. Lysine-modification can reduce the cell toxicity of PAMAM dendrimer significantly. PAMAM-Lys can enhance the immunoreactivity of DNA vaccine which merit further application in schistosomiasis DNA vaccine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Role of Rho GTPases in the immune regulation of infection and inflammation ZHOU Wei, YANG Jun-Qi Chin J Schisto Control    2017, 29 (6): 807-813.   Abstract （1091）      PDF（pc） （2259KB）（818）       Knowledge map    Save The Rho subfamily of GTPase belongs to the Ras superfamily of small GTP binding protein， it is a nucleotide dependent protein， which plays a "molecular switch" function in the signal transduction process and control of numerous signaling pathways. Rho protein has many biological effects on cytoskeleton or target proteins as a signal converter in signal transduction， such as the regulation of membrane transport function， cell migration， cell adhesion， and cell proliferation. It also plays a very important role in the infection and immune inflammation of the body. Rho protein is widely distributed in related immune cells， such as T cells， B cells， NK cells and so on. When the body is infected by microorganism， the immune inflammatory reaction will be regulated through a series of signal transduction mechanism， and Rho GTPases signal transduction mechanism is one of the important signal pathways. In this paper， we conclude that Rho GTPases how to regulate the body's immune response through its signal pathway， and ultimately affect the body's immune response. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of gradient and vegetation on distribution of schistosome infected Oncomelania snails in Dongting Lake marshland HU Gang, ZHUO Shang-Jiong, HUANG Chang-Lin, YI Ping, LIU Tong, ZHAN Yu-Shu Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 136-140.   Abstract （1082）      PDF（pc） （958KB）（703）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress of schistosomiasis control in People’s Republic of China in 2022 ZHANG Lijuan, HE Junyi, YANG Fan, DANG Hui, LI Yinlong, GUO Suying, LI Shizhen, CAO Chunli, XU Jing, LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (3): 217-224,250.   Abstract （1074）      PDF（pc） （939KB）（1136）       Knowledge map    Save This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance program in the People’s Republic of China in 2022. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to maintain the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2022. A total of 452 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2022, with 27 434 endemic villages covering 73 424 400 people at risk of infections. Among the 452 endemic counties (cities, districts), 75.89% (343/452), 23.45% (106/452) and 0.66% (3/452) achieved the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. In 2022, 4 317 356 individuals received serological tests for schistosomiasis, and 62 228 were sero⁃positive. A total of 208 646 individuals received stool examinations for schistosomiasis, with one positive and another two cases positive for urine microscopy, and these three 3 cases were imported schistosomiasis patients from Africa. There were 28 565 cases with advanced schistosomiasis documented in China by the end of 2022. Oncomelania hupensis snail survey was performed in 18 891 endemic villages in China in 2022 and O. hupensis snails were found in 6 917 villages (36.62% of all surveyed villages), with 8 villages identified with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey was performed at an area of 655 703.01 hm2 and 183 888.60 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 110.58 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 844.35 hm2 re⁃emerging snail habitats. There were 477 200 bovines raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China in 2022, and 113 946 bovines received serological examinations for schistosomiasis, with 204 sero⁃positives detected. Among the 131 715 bovines received stool examinations, no positives were identified. In 2022, there were 19 726 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was performed in 714 465 person⁃time for humans and 234 737 herd⁃time for bovines in China. In 2022, snail control with chemical treatment was performed at an area of 119 134.07 hm2, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 825.27 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed at an area of 1 163.96 hm2. Data from the national schistosomiasis surveillance program of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections was both zero in humans and bovines in 2022, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in O. hupensis snails. These data demonstrated that the endemic status of schistosomiasis continued to decline in China in 2022, with 3 confirmed schistosomiasis patients that had a foreign nationality and all imported from Africa, and the areas of snail habitats remained high. Further improvements in the construction of the schistosomaisis surveillance and forecast system, and reinforcement of O. hupensis survey and control are required to prevent the re⁃emerging schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fast control effect on schistosomiasis of comprehensive measures CHEN Shi-Jun, LI Shui-Ming, WU Xiao-Jun, CHEN Xi-Qing, ZHANG Rong-Ping, ZHANG Jian-Rong Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 153-157.   Abstract （1059）      PDF（pc） （946KB）（701）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Drug fever caused by praziquantel: one case report ZHONG Wen-Wei, ZHONG Sen-Lin Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 184-.   Abstract （1031）      PDF（pc） （1674KB）（711）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Therapeutic effect of capsule Xingganbao on schistosomal hepatocirrhosis ZHANG Hong-Xia, CHENG Chun-Xia, YI Jian-Hua Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (3): 284-284.   Abstract （1018）      PDF（pc） （470KB）（534）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Changes of control strategy and improvement of schistosomiasis control in China   WANG Tian-ping, CAO Zhi-Guo, CHEN Hong-Gen, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2009, 21 (4): 241-242.   DOI: CNKI:SUN:XXCB.0.2009-04-004 Abstract （1015）      PDF（pc） （1739KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Molluscicidal effect of immersion with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt against Oncomelania hupensis on the soil surface and inside the soil layer in winter WANG Wei⁃chun, ZHAN Ti, FAN Ze⁃han, XIANG Ke⁃xia, ZHU Ying⁃fu, DUAN Yong⁃mei, CAO Zhi⁃guo Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (4): 396-.   Abstract （1010）      PDF（pc） （1017KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) against Oncomelania hupensis on the soil surface and inside the soil layer by immersion method in winter. Methods　O. hupensis snails were placed on the soil surface and 2, 5 cm and 10 cm under the soil layer outdoors in winter, and then immersed in 50% WPNES at concentrations of 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L for 1, 3 d and 7 d, while dechlorinated water served as controls. Snail mortality was observed following immersion with 50% WPNES on the soil surface and inside the soil layer. Results　Following immersion with 50% WPNES at concentrations of 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L outdoors in winter, the 3-day corrected snail mortality rates were 98.0% and 76.0% on the soil surface, and the 7-day corrected snail mortality rate was both 100.0%. Following immersion with 50% WPNES at concentrations of 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L outdoors in winter, the 7-day corrected snail mortality rates were 95.5% and 85.6% 2 cm below the soil layer, 66.0% and 6.4% 5 cm below the soil layer. However, the 7-day snail mortality rate swere comparable between the 50% WPNES treatment group (at 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L) and controls 10 cm below the soil layer (both P > 0.05). Conclusion　Immersion of 50% WPNES at a concentration of 2 mg/L for 7 days presents a high molluscicidal efficacy against O. hupensis on the soil surface and 5 cm within the soil layers in winter. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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One Health: Re⁃thinking of zoonoses control FEI Si⁃wei, XU Jing⁃shan, LÜ Shan, GUO Xiao⁃kui, ZHOU Xiao⁃nong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (1): 1-.   Abstract （977）      PDF（pc） （1170KB）（734）       Knowledge map    Save Under the dual pressure of emerging zoonoses and the difficulty in eliminating conventional zoonoses, many uncertainties in global control of infectious diseases are challenging the achievement of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. One Health, developed on the basis of understanding the relationship between human diseases and animal diseases, is conducive to the prevention and control of zoonoses. The connotation of “One Health” is mainly explained by three aspects, namely the systems thinking mode of “unity of environment and man”, the practice guidance of “multi⁃sectoral concert” and the economic evaluation strategy of “cost⁃effectiveness analysis”. One Health approach has been successfully applied in the control of major infectious diseases in China, such as schistosomiasis, leading to remarkable achievements; however, there are still multiple challenges. This review proposes that much attention should be paid to top⁃level design, the difference between emerging zoonoses and conventional zoonoses, and the dynamic process of One Health governance during the development and application of One Health. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Forecast on transmission foci of schistosomiasis japonica in China, 2009 ZHANG Li-Juan, ZHU Rong, WANG Tian-Ping, CAO Zhi-Guo, LIN Dan-Dan, JIA Tie-Wu, ZHANG Shi-Qing, GUO Jia-Gang| ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2009, 21 (5): 350-352.   DOI: CNKI:SUN:XXCB.0.2009-05-005 Abstract （966）      PDF（pc） （2393KB）（607）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People’s Republic of China in 2019 ZHANG Li-Juan, XU Zhi-Min, DANG Hui, LI Yin-Long, Lü Shan, XU Jing, LI Shi-Zhu, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2020, 32 (6): 551-.   Abstract （959）      PDF（pc） （993KB）（1657）       Knowledge map    Save This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2019, and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and 455 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, Sichuan Province achieved transmission interruption, Jiangsu newly achieved the standard of transmission interruption and 5 provinces of Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan maintained transmission control by the end of 2019. There were 450 endemic counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, including 28 500 endemic villages covering 70 667 800 people at risk of infections. Among the 450 endemic counties (citis, districts), 66.89% (301/450), 28.44% (128/450) and 4.67% (21/450) kept the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. By the end of 2019, a total of 30 170 advanced schistosomiasis cases were documented in China. In 2019, a total of 12 090 712 individuals received inquiry examinations and 1 740 764 were positive; 5 158 369 individuals received serological tests and 89 753 were sero?positive. A total of 327 475 individuals received stool examinations and 5 were positive, including one case of acute schistosomiasis. In 2019, snail survey was performed in 19 726 endemic villages in China and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 322 villages, accounting for 37.12% of all surveyed villages, with 6 villages with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey covered an area of 585 286.24 hm2 and 174 270.42 hm2 snail habitats were found, including emerging snail habitats of 64.20 hm2; however, no infected snails were identified. In 2019, a total of 605 965 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China, and 183 313 received serological examinations, with 1 176 positives detected, while 134 978 bovines received stool examinations, with 7 positives identified. In 2019, there were 28 557 patients with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was given to 1 008 083 person?times; there were 7 bovines with schistosomiasis receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 296 053 herd?times expanded chemotherapy was given to bovines. In 2019, snail habitats at an area of 128 754.26 hm2 were given chemical treatment, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 69 605.55 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 2 847.00 hm2. Data from the 455 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean Schistosoma japonicum infection rates were both zero in humans and bovines in 2019, and no infected snails were found. The results demonstrate that the overall endemic situation of schistosomiasis remains at a lower infection level in China; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. To achieve the target set in the National Thirteenth Five?Year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control and consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control, precision control on schistosomiasis still needs to be reinforced in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suivellance of Oncomelania hupensis snails in source areas of east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project TANG Hong-Ping, MA Yu-Cai, HUANG Yi-Xin, ZHANG Jian-Feng, HANG De-Rong, GAO Yang, GUO Jia-Hong, ZHU Xi-Guang, SHE Guang-Song, XUE Zai-Quan Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 141-144.   Abstract （922）      PDF（pc） （941KB）（683）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Implications, spiritual characteristics and practical significance of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture DENG Wei-Cheng, LI Yue-Sheng, CHENG Xiang-Hui, REN Guang-Hui, HE Hong-Bin, ZHOU Yi-Biao, ZHANG Yue-Yun, HU Ben-Jiao, LIU Han-Qiu, LU Shi-Kui, LI Sheng-Ming, ZHOU Xiao-Nong Chin J Schisto Control    2020, 32 (3): 222-.   Abstract （921）      PDF（pc） （965KB）（3510）       Knowledge map    Save The culture of schistosomiasis control is specific in the history of Chinese culture. Broadly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is a summary of specific social mood, social consciousness and material culture created by Chinese populations during the progress of schistosomiasis control since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Narrowly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is the spiritual culture that is jointly created and nurtured by schistosomiasis control workers since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The spiritual features of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture are characterized by the patriotism and care about the people, the matter?to?fact attitude, the pioneering and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication. The ultimate goal of the research on the culture of schistosomiasis control is to facilitate the achievement of the strategic goal of Healthy China 2030 as scheduled, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis, and to promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Jinbao Channel areas in east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project SUN Dao-Kuan, LI Qian, WANG Qi-Long Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (4): 443-445.   Abstract （898）      PDF（pc） （1854KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To understand the dynamic of the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jinbao Channel areas, so as to provide the evidence for surveillance and early-warning of schistosomiasis in the east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Methods The conventional methods were used for the surveillance of Oncomelania hupensis snails in the first grade tributary and the flood land of Jinbao Channel. The methods of net salvage and attracting snails with rice straw curtains were used for snail surveys underwater in the surveillance sites. The residents, fishermen and crew were surveyed for schistosomiasis in the regions along the Jinbao Channel. The situation of the fishing boats carrying snails were surveyed, too. Results The accumulated areas where snails were checked were 364.20 hm2. A total of 2 785 kg floats were collected and 400 pieces of rice straw curtains were placed in the surveillance sites, but no snails were found form 2006 to 2010. A total of 7 951 persons were surveyed for schistosomiasis by the serological test, and the total positive rate was 0.92%. The positive rates in the residents and fishermen were 0.79% and 1.55%, respectively. The fishmen’s seropositive rate was higher than the residents’ (χ2＝7.11，P＜0.01). A total of 65 people received fecal examinations and there was one infected case. A total of 54 fishboats and 93 fishing gears were detected for snails but no snails were found. Conclusion There were no snails and schistosomiasis transmission, but there were the risks of entrance of schistosome infection source in the regions along the Jinbao Channel in the east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, therefore, the long-term surveillance is necessary. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Knowledge of schistosomiasis and related behaviors of immigrations in South-North Water-Diversion Middle-line Project areas in Hubei Province JIANG Hong-Die, TAN Li, GAO Jiang-Man, QU Wen, NI Jian, ZHAO Qin-Ping Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (2): 176-178.   Abstract （894）      PDF（pc） （930KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of Kupffer cells on CD4+CD25+ T cells in schistosome granuloma YANG Jiang-Hua, HE Lei, WANG Tao, YANG Jin-Sun, HOU Wei-Shun, SU Chuan Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 17-19.   Abstract （891）      PDF（pc） （888KB）（604）       Knowledge map    Save [Abstract] ObjectiveTo explore the effect of targeting Kupffer cells on CD4+CD25+ T cells in schistosomiasis granuloma. Methods Six to eight-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were divided into three groups, a control group, an infection group with S. japonicum cercariae and an infection group injected with GdCl3 through the penile vein (15 mg/kg) twice per week. After 8 weeks of the infection, the number of CD4+CD25+Tcells were detected by using flow cytometry and the number of Foxp3 was detected by using immunohistochemistry.For the detection of murine IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, a DuoSet ELISA development kit was used.Results The number of CD4+CD25+Tcells and the level of IL-10 decreased in the infection group injected with GdCl3 comparing with the infection group. GdCl3treatmentdecreased Foxp3 production and the level of ALT, and reduced the inflammatory response in schistosomiasis granuloma. Conclusion Kupffer cells can regulate the response of CD4+CD25+ T cells in schistosomiasis granuloma. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of model of Oncomelania snail survey post-transmission control in Jiangdu City ZHU Xi-Guang, ZHU Xia-Zhang, TANG Hong-Ping, YU Guang-Song Chin J Schisto Control    2011, 23 (4): 457-459.   Abstract （891）      PDF（pc） （1036KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the model of Oncomelania snail survey in inland areas, so as to reduce the burden of farmers as well as to improve the quality of snail survey. Methods A database of environment in snail survey was established, and specialized personnel were organized at town level. The general survey combined with survey in turn was used. Results After the improvement of the survey model, the personnel numbers and amounts of labor used, especially the cost afforded at village level decreased significantly, without any influence on the quality of snail survey. Conclusions The improvement of snail survey model can enhance the efficiency and quality of survey, and can reduce the burden of farmers, but careful organization, strengthened management, and standardized operations are needed in the procedure. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Epidemiological trends for human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 based on Joinpoint regression analysis XIAO Ying, ZHONG Chen⁃hui, WEI Feng⁃hua, DAI Ling⁃feng, YANG Jun⁃jing, CHEN Yan⁃yan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2022, 34 (2): 122-.   Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （1177KB）（665）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the trends of human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis elimination strategy in the province. Methods　All data pertaining to human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province were collected from 2004 to 2018, and the trends for changes in seroprevalence, egg⁃positive rate and prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infection were analyzed using a Joinpoint regression model. Results 　Both of the numbers of residents seropositive and egg⁃positive for S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections reduced from 6.85% in 2004 to 0 in 2018. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a reduction in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 [average annual percent change （AAPC） = -24.1%, P < 0.01], and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2006 [annual percent change （APC） = -35.1%, P < 0.01] and from 2006 to 2018 （APC = -22.1%, P < 0.01）. The prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in islet （AAPC = -25.1%, P < 0.01）, inner embankment （AAPC = -26.4%, P < 0.01） and hilly subtypes of schistosomiasis⁃endemic areas （AAPC = -32.5%, P < 0.01） of Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence all appeared a tendency towards a decline during the infection control stage （from 2004 to 2008）, the transmission control stage （from 2009 to 2013） and the transmission interruption stage （from 2014 to 2018） （AAPC = -28.0%, -24.4% and -63.8%, all P values < 0.01）. The seroprevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 （AAPC = -14.5%, P < 0.01）, and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2012 （APC = -8.4%, P < 0.01） and from 2012 to 2018 （APC = -22.1%, P < 0.01）. In addition, the egg⁃positive rate of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 （AAPC = -30.6%, P < 0.05）, and the trend for the reduction was significant during the period from 2007 to 2014 （APC = -15.5%, P < 0.01）. Conclusions　The prevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the islet and inner embankment subtypes of endemic areas are a high priority for schistosomiasis control during the stage moving towards elimination in Hubei Province. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of soluble worm antigen and soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum on apoptosis and cell-cycle of CD4+ T lymphocytes ZHANG Cui, CHEN Xiao-Jun, ZHU Ji-Feng, CHI Ying, WEN Xiao-Yun, HE Lei, ZHOU Sha, LIU Feng, SU Chuan Chin J Schisto Control    2010, 22 (1): 13-16.   Abstract （878）      PDF（pc） （906KB）（655）       Knowledge map    Save [Abstract] Objective To investigate and compare the different effects of soluble adult worm antigen (SWA) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum on the apoptosis and cell-cycle of murine CD4+ T cells.　Methods  Purified CD4+T cells from normal C57BL/6 mice were cultured with CFSE labeled antigen presenting cells (APC) in the presence of different stimulus for 36 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells by fluorescence conjugated caspase-3 antibodie staining. The flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle of CD4+ T cells cultured as described above for 96 h by propidium iodide staining. Results Compared with the apoptosis percentage of CD4+ T cells[(1.24±0.29）%] in the SEA stimulated group, that [(1.52±0.38)%] in the SWA stimulated group did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Compared with the cell percentages in G1 phase[(78.91±2.98)%], S phase[(7.39±0.85)%] and G2/M phase[(10.69±1.05)%] in the SWA stimulated group, that of the G1 phase[(59.42±1.32)%] was significantly lower, but those in the S phase [(21.07±0.88)%] and G2/M phase[(18.88±1.21)%] were significantly increased in the SEA stimulated group（P＜0.01）. Conclusions There is no statistically significant difference between the apoptosis levels of CD4+T cells stimulated by SWA and SEA. However, SEA significantly promotes the progression of the cell-cycle of CD4+T cells compared with SWA. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）