Abstract:

Objective To understand the infection status and main risk factors of soil ? transmitted nematodes in southwest China so as to provide the evidence for making the control programs for soil?transmitted nematodiasis. Methods The prevalence of soil?transmitted nematode infections was determined by Kato?Katz technique and influencing factors were surveyed by using a standardized questionnaire，and in part of the children，the examination of Enterobius vermicularis eggs was performed by using the cellophane swab method. The relationship between soil? transmitted nematode infections and influencing factors was analyzed by the multiple probit estimated method. Results A total of 1 707 children were examined，with a soil?transmitted nematode in? fection rate of 22.2%，the crowd infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides，hookworm，and Trichuris trichiura were 16.0%，3.8% and 6.6% respectively and 495 children were examined on Enterobius vermicularis eggs，with the infection rate of 5.1%. The results of probit estimated analysis suggested that the effects of 4 factors on soil?transmitted nematode infections were significant（all P val? ues were less than 0.05）， namely the number of sib， educational level of mother， drinking unboiled water and raising livestock and poultry. Among the factors above，the educational level of mother could reduce the probability of infection（ME= -0.074）， while the number of sib，drinking unboiled water and raising livestock and poultry could increase the probability of the infections（with ME of 0.028， -0.112 and 0.080，respectively） . Conclusions Soil?transmitted nematode infection rates are still in a high level for children in southwest poor areas of China，with Ascaris lumbricoides as a priority. The changes of children’ s bad health habits， raising livestock and poultry habits，and implementing the health education about parasitic diseases in mothers would be of great significance for the prevention and control of soil?transmitted nematodiasis.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematodes；Influencing factor；Probit estimation； China

摘要：

目的 了解中国西南贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染情况和主要影响因素， 为制定土源性线虫病防治措施提供依据。方法 采用改良加藤厚涂片法对受检儿童粪便进行病原学检查， 其中部分儿童进行透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。采用问卷调查和Probit 估计多元统计方法， 分析儿童服药驱虫、 个体特征、 饮食卫生习惯和家庭特征等16个相关因素对土源性线虫感染的影响。结果 共粪检1 707名儿童， 土源性线虫感染率为22.2%， 其中蛔虫、 钩虫、 鞭虫感染率分别为16.9%、 3.8%和6.6%， 且以蛔虫感染率和感染度为最高； 蛲虫检查495名， 感染率为5.1%。Probit 估计多元统计显示， 兄弟姐妹数量、 母亲受教育程度、 饮用生水、 饲养畜禽等4个因素差异均有统计学意义 （P均 < 0.05）。其中， 母亲受教育程度能降低土源性线虫感染率， 边际效应为-0.074； 兄弟姐妹数量、 饮用生水和饲养畜禽均能提高土源性线虫感染率， 边际效应分别为 0.028、 -0.112和0.080。结论 我国西南贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染率仍然较高， 且以蛔虫感染为主； 改变儿童饮用生水的不良卫生习惯、 家庭饲养畜禽习惯和针对其母亲开展寄生虫病防治知识的健康教育， 对儿童土源性线虫病的预防和控制具有重要意义。

关键词: 土源性线虫； 影响因素； Probit估计； 中国