Abstract: After achieving malaria elimination, preventing re-establishment from imported malaria and consolidating malaria elimination achievements are top priorities of the national malaria control program in China. Due to the long-term existence of overseas imported malaria cases and incomplete eradication of local epidemic conditions, there are multiple challenges for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in China. Hereby, we propose that regular assessment is an effective approach to maintaining the capability of prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria, and describe the purpose, significance, management and implementation of the capability assessment for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria, so as to provide insights into the formulation and adjustment of malaria control strategies during the post-elimination phase.

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Imported malaria, Re-establishment, Capacity assessment

摘要： 实现消除疟疾目标后，防止境外输入本地再传播、巩固消除疟疾成果是我国疟疾防控工作的重中之重。由于境外输入性疟疾病例长期存在、本地流行的条件尚未彻底根除，我国防止疟疾输入再传播工作任重道远。本文针对这一关键环节，提出定期开展评估是保持防止疟疾输入再传播能力的有效手段；并介绍了开展防止输入再传播能力评估的目的、意义、组织管理和实施方法，为消除后疟疾防控工作策略的制订和调整提供参考。

关键词: 疟疾, 消除, 输入性疟疾, 再传播, 能力评估