Abstract: Oncomelania hupensis, the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, is an indispensable part in the transmission of schistosomiasis, and snail control play a critical role in schistosomiasis prevention and control in China. This paper reviews the major molluscicides used currently and in the past and their application techniques in China. It is suggested that the research and development of molluscicides and their operational studies remain to be emphasized; notably, the novel molluscicides and new snail control techniques that meet the environmental protection requirements should be intensified. In addition, attentions should also be paid to the monitoring and evaluation of the field efficacy of molluscicides and snail control approaches, and it is necessary to evaluate the effect of molluscicides on environment and ecological security.

Key words: Oncomelania snail, Schistosomiasis, Molluscicidal effect, Ecological security, Environmental assessment

摘要： 钉螺是日本血吸虫的唯一中间宿主，是血吸虫病传播中的不可缺失环节。因此，灭螺在我国血吸虫病预防控制中占有非常重要地位。本文对我国既往及现行主要灭螺药物及使用方法进行了回顾，认为当前我国仍需重视灭螺药物研发及其应用研究，特别要加强符合环保要求的灭螺新药和灭螺新技术研究，注重灭螺药物和灭螺方法现场应用实际效果的监测评估，重视和开展灭螺药物对环境影响和生态安全的评估研究。

关键词: 钉螺, 血吸虫病, 灭螺药物, 灭螺效果, 生态安全, 环境评估