Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 329-.

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Progress of schistosomiasis control in People’s Republic of China in 2021

ZHANG Li⁃juan, XU Zhi⁃min, YANG Fan, HE Jun⁃yi, DANG Hui, LI Yin⁃long, CAO Chun⁃li, XU Jing, LI Shi⁃zhu, ZHOU Xiao⁃nong*   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Online:2022-08-31 Published:2022-08-31

2021年全国血吸虫病防治进展

张利娟,徐志敏,杨帆,何君逸,党辉,李银龙,曹淳力,许静,李石柱,周晓农*   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室、WHO热带病合作中心、国家级热带病国际联合研究中心(上海200025)
  • 通讯作者: 周晓农,博士,二级研究员,博士生导师。现任中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)所长、WHO热带病合作中心主任、上海交通大学-爱丁堡大学全健康研究中心主任,健康中国行动推进委员会专家咨询委员会委员,国家卫生健康委员会疾病控制专家委员会副主任委员、血吸虫病和寄生虫病分委会主任委员,国家卫生标准委员会寄生虫病分委会主任委员,WHO西太区被忽略热带病评估委员会主席,WHO疟疾根除顾问委员会委员,WHO热带病研究与培训特别规划署顾问委员会委员,《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》和《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》主编,《PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases》等国际期刊编委;主持包括国家重点研发计划、国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金、国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)生物医学合作研究项目、中加卫生健康研究合作计划、WHO科研计划等科研项目30余项,获上海市科学技术一等奖、中华预防医学会科学技术奖一等奖、中华医学科技奖二等奖、华夏医学科技奖二等奖、江苏省科技进步二等奖等科技奖励10余项;在《New England Journal of Medicine》、《Lancet》、《Lancet Infectious Diseases》等国际同行评议期刊上发表论文200余篇,总被引频次8 000余次,h 指数为50;主编学术专著10余部。
  • 作者简介:张利娟,女,硕士,副研究员。研究方向:血吸虫病流行病学
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科技专项(2018ZX10101002⁃002, 2018ZX10004222⁃004)

Abstract: This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2021. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis in China, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2021. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2021, with 27 571 endemic villages covering 73 250 600 people at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 75.17% (339/451), 22.17% (100/451) and 2.66% (12/451) achieved the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. By the end of 2021, 29 037 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China. In 2021, 4 405 056 individuals received serological tests and 72 937 were sero⁃positive. A total of 220 629 individuals received stool examinations and 3 were positive. In 2021, snail survey was performed in 19 291 endemic villages in China and Oncomelania snails were found in 7 026 villages, accounting for 36.42% of all surveyed villages, with 12 villages identified with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey was performed at an area of 686 574.46 hm2 and 191 159.91 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 1 063.08 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 5 113.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2021, 525 878 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China, and 115 437 received serological examinations, with 231 positives detected. Among the 128 719 bovines received stool examinations, no positives were identified. In 2021, there were 19 927 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 729 113 person⁃time individuals and 256 913 herd⁃time bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2021, snail control with chemicals was performed in 117 372.74 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 640.5 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 244.25 hm2. Data from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero in humans and bovines in 2021, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. The results demonstrate that the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2021; however, the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination was slowed and the areas of snail habitats rebounded mildly. Strengthening researches on snail diffusion and control, and improving schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast are recommended to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Endemic situation, Surveillance, China

摘要: 本文通报了2021年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和国家血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2021年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省(直辖市、自治区)继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果,四川、江苏省维持传播阻断标准,云南、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等5个省维持传播控制标准。全国共有451个血吸虫病流行县(市、区)、27 571个流行村,流行村总人口7 325.06万人;451个流行县(市、区)中,339个(75.17%)达到血吸虫病消除标准、100个(22.17%)达到传播阻断标准、12个(2.66%)达到传播控制标准。2021年,全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者29 037例。2021年,全国共开展血吸虫病血检查病4 405 056人,阳性72 937人;开展粪检查病220 629人,阳性3人。全国共有19 291个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,7 026个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的36.42%,新查出12个有螺村;累计查螺686 574.46 hm2,查出有螺面积191 159.91 hm2,其中新发现有螺面积1 063.08 hm2,复现钉螺面积5 113.87 hm2。血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛525 878头,累计血检查病115 437头,阳性231头;开展粪检查病128 719头,未发现粪检阳性耕牛。全国共治疗血吸虫病患者19 927例,扩大化疗729 113人·次,扩大化疗耕牛256 913头·次;累计开展药物灭螺总面积117 372.74 hm2,实际药物灭螺65 640.5 hm2,环境改造灭螺1 244.25 hm2。2021年全国血吸虫病监测点中,居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率均为0,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,2021年全国血吸虫病呈低度流行水平,但达标进程减缓、钉螺面积略有反弹;需加强钉螺扩散与控制研究,强化血吸虫病监测预警,防止疫情反弹。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 疫情, 监测, 中国

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