Abstract: Objective　To analyze the spatial⁃temporal distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020, to provide insights into precision control of O. hupensis snails in Anhui Province. Methods　O. hupensis snail distribution data were collected in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 and descriptively analyzed, including actual area of snail habitats, area of emerging snail habitats and area of Schistosoma japonicum⁃infected snails. The actual area of snail habitats and area of emerging snail habitats were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot analysis, standard deviation ellipse analysis and space⁃time scanning analysis, and the clusters of snail distribution and settings at high risk of snail spread were identified in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020. Results　The actual area of snail habitats gradually decreased in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020. The actual area of snail habitats were 26 238.85 hm2 in Anhui Province in 2020, which were mainly distributed in marshland and lake regions. There was a large fluctuation in the area of emerging snail habitats in Anhui Province during the period from 2011 to 2020, with the largest area seen in 2016 (1 287.65 hm2), and 1.98 hm2 emerging infected snail habitats were detected in Guichi District, Chizhou City in 2020. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analyses showed spatial clusters in the distribution of actual areas of snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 (Z = 3.00 to 3.43, all P values < 0.01), and the hotspots were mainly concentrated in the marshland and lake regions and distributed along the south side of the Yangtze River, while the cold spots were mainly concentrated in the mountainous regions of ​​southern Anhui Province. There were no overall spatial clusters in the distribution of areas of emerging snail habitats (Z = -2.20 to 1.71, all P values > 0.05), and a scattered distribution was found in local regions. Standard deviation ellipse analysis showed relatively stable distributions of the actual areas of snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020, which was consistent with the flow direction of the Yangtze River, and the focus of the distribution of areas of emerging snail habitats shifted from the lower reaches to upper reaches of Anhui section of the Yangtze River. Space⁃time scanning analysis identified two high⁃value clusters in the distribution of actual areas of snail habitats in lower and middle reaches of Anhui section of the Yangtze River from 2011 to 2020, and two high⁃value clusters in the distribution of areas of emerging snail habitats were identified in mountainous and hilly regions. Conclusions　 There were spatial clusters in the distribution of O. hupensis snails in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020, which appeared a tendency of aggregation towards the south side and upper reaches of the Yangtze River; however, the spread of O. hupensis snails could not be neglected in mountainous and hilly regions. Monitoring of emerging snail habitats should be reinforced in mountainous and hilly regions and along the Yangtze River basin.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis, Spatial?temporal distribution, Spatial autocorrelation analysis, Hotspot analysis, Standard deviation ellipse analysis, Space?time scanning analysis, Anhui Province

摘要： 目的　分析2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空特征，为全省钉螺精准防控提供参考。方法　收集2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积、新发钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积等钉螺分布指标并进行描述性分析，对实有和新发钉螺面积进行空间自相关、热点分析、标准差椭圆分析及时空扫描等分析，探索安徽省钉螺聚集与扩散高风险区。结果　2011—2020年，安徽省实有钉螺面积逐渐降低。2020年全省实有钉螺面积26 238.85 hm2，主要分布在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区。各年份间新发钉螺面积波动较大，2016年最高（1 287.65 hm2）；2020年在池州市贵池区新发现1.96 hm2感染性钉螺面积。空间自相关和热点分析显示，2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布具有空间聚集性（Z = 3.00 ~ 3.43，P均 < 0.01），热点主要集中在湖沼型流行区并沿长江南岸分布；冷点主要集中在皖南山区。2011—2020年安徽省新发钉螺面积分布在整体上不存在空间聚集性（Z = -2.20 ~ 1.71，P均> 0.05），局部呈散点分布。标准差椭圆分析显示，2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布相对稳定，与长江流向一致；新发钉螺面积分布重心逐渐从长江安徽段下游向上游移动。时空扫描分析显示，2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积两个高值聚集区以从长江安徽段下游到中游的顺序出现；新发钉螺面积两个高值聚集区聚集时间和范围类似，均分布在山区。结论　2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布呈空间聚集性，存在向长江南岸、上游聚集的趋势，但山区钉螺扩散问题亦不容忽视，需加强对山区和长江沿岸新发钉螺孳生地的监测力度。

关键词: 钉螺, 时空分布, 空间自相关分析, 热点分析, 标准差椭圆分析, 时空扫描分析, 安徽省