Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 531-.

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Effects of urban construction on Oncomelania snails control in Wuhan City

JIN Xian⁃Ling1, LUO Hua⁃Tang2, YUAN Yi3*   

  1. 1 Xinzhou District Schistosomiasis Specialized Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Wuhan 431400, China; 2 Wuhan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Province, China; 3 Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,China
  • Online:2021-11-02 Published:2021-11-02

武汉市城市建设控制钉螺效果

金先灵1,罗华堂2,元艺3*   

  1. 1 湖北省武汉市新洲区血吸虫病专科医院(武汉 431400); 2 湖北省武汉市疾病预防控制中心; 3 湖北省疾病预防控制中心
  • 作者简介:金先灵,男,主管检验师。研究方向:血吸虫病防治

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of urban construction projects on Oncomelania snails control in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into the development of an integrated control strategy for urban schistosomiasis. Methods The data pertaining to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis control data, the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge, marshland management and park constructions were collected from Wuhan City from 1990 to 2020. The changes of areas of snail habitats and high⁃risk settings were compared before and after implementation of these urban construction projects to evaluate the effectiveness of urban construction projects on Oncomelania snails control. Results The number of schistosomiasis cases decreased by 97.35%, and the number of cattle with schistosomiasis decreased by 100% in Wuhan City from 1990 to 2020, with a 41.99% reduction in areas of snail habitats, including 94.97% and 34.40% reductions in snail habitats inside and outside the embankment decreased. During the period from 1990 through 2020, a total of 10 Yangtze River bridges were built in Wuhan City, and areas of snail habitats around the bridges reduced from 11 699.05 hm2 before the bridge building to 8 726.14 hm2 after the building (a 25.41% reduction), while the areas of high⁃risk settings reduced from 411.69 hm2 before the bridge building to 276.78 hm2 after the building (a 32.77% reduction). Following treatment of three marshlands in Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang, the areas of snail habitats reduced from 225.80 hm2 before the management to 199.47 hm2 after the management (a 11.66% reduction), and the areas of high⁃risk settings reduced from 23.14 hm2 before the treatment to 17.73 hm2 after the building (a 23.38% reduction). Following the building of 5 parks in snail⁃infested settings, the areas of snail habitats reduced from 319.61 hm2 before the construction to 280.80 hm2 after the construction (a 12.14% reduction), and the areas of high⁃risk settings reduced from 35.00 hm2 before the construction to 27.73 hm2 after the construction (a 20.77% reduction). Conclusion Simultaneous implementation of urban construction projects and schistosomiasis control measures is effective to shrink snail⁃infested setting and high⁃risk settings and control the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in endemic foci in Wuhan City.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Oncomelania snails, Urban construction, Wuhan City

摘要: 目的 分析武汉市城市建设项目控制钉螺效果,为制定城市血吸虫病综合防控策略提供参考。方法 收集1990—2020年武汉市血吸虫病疫情、防治资料和有关长江大桥建设、江滩治理和公园建设等方面资料,比较上述项目建设前后周围环境钉螺面积和易感环境面积变化,评价城市建设项目控制钉螺效果。结果 1990—2020年,武汉市血吸虫病患者人数下降97.35%,病牛数下降100%;有螺面积下降41.99%,其中垸内和垸外有螺面积分别下降94.97%和34.40%。1990—2020年,武汉市相继建成10座长江大桥,大桥周围有螺面积由建桥前的11 699.05 hm2下降到建桥后的8 726.14 hm2,下降了25.41%;易感环境面积由建桥前的411.69 hm2下降到建桥后的276.78 hm2,下降了32.77%。在汉口、汉阳、武昌3处长江江滩实施了江滩治理,周围环境有螺面积由治理前的225.80 hm2下降到治理后的199.47 hm2,下降了11.66%;易感环境面积由治理前的23.14 hm2下降到项目治理后的17.73 hm2,下降了23.38%。在钉螺孳生环境建设5座公园,周围环境有螺面积由建园前的319.61 hm2下降到建园后的280.80 hm2,下降了12.14%;易感环境面积由建园前的35.00 hm2下降到建园后的27.73 hm2,下降了20.77%。结论 在武汉市血吸虫病流行区开展城市建设项目的同时实施血防措施,可有效压缩钉螺孳生面积和易感环境面积、控制血吸虫病疫情。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 钉螺, 城市建设, 武汉市

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