Abstract: Due to the relative shortage of health resources, rational allocation and utilization of health resources is critical to achieving the maximum economic benefits in developing countries, which requires a health economic assessment to meet the needs to balance the competitive requirements of cost reduction and effectiveness enhancement. This review describes the advances in applications of health economic assessment techniques in four major infectious diseases, including AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and schistosomiasis. Currently, there is no standard economic assessment in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and notably, the transparency of cost research is limited, which may affect the popularization of the study conclusions. Further health economic assessments of infectious diseases are required to improve the quality, standard and transparency of the economic evaluation through formulating strategies, to improve the standardization of studies, to improve the popularization of the study conclusions and to improve the applicability of the economic evaluation for policies.

Key words: Health economic assessment, Infectious diseases, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Schistosomiasis

摘要： 在发展中国家，由于卫生资源相对匮乏，合理分配和利用卫生资源从而获得最大经济效益至关重要，这就需要运用卫生经济学评价技术权衡降低成本和增强效果这一竞争要求。本文以艾滋病、结核、乙型肝炎以及血吸虫病等4种重要传染病为例，介绍了卫生经济学评价技术在传染病防治中的研究及应用进展。目前，有关传染病防治中的经济学评价尚不规范，尤其是成本研究的透明度有限，这可能影响到研究结论的推广性。今后要继续开展传染病领域的卫生经济学评价，同时需要制定策略来提高经济学评价的质量、标准和透明度，提高研究的标准化、提高研究结论的推广性、改善经济学评估对政策的适用性。

关键词: 卫生经济学评价, 传染病, 艾滋病, 结核, 乙型肝炎, 血吸虫病