Abstract: Before and after the construction of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project, a number of studies have been conducted to assess the possibility of the northward spread of Oncomelania snails and schistosomiasis caused by the construction of the project, the survival and reproduction of snails moved north of their natural distribution, and the transmission of schistosomiasis by the survival snails moved north of their natural distribution. The effect of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project on the transmission of schistosomiasis is restricted along the Jiangsu section of the eastern route project of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project, and the Water Transfer Project from the Yangtze River to Han River of the middle route project of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project. It has been demonstrated the water diversion pattern via the pump stations and the ecological conditions in the water transfusion channels of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project are unlikely to result in the northward spread of Oncomelania snails or schistosomiasis, and no snails or schistosomiasis spread was found during the surveillance before and after the operation of the eastern route project of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project, and the Water Transfer Project from the Yangtze River to Han River of the middle route project of the South?to?North Water Diversion Project. Nevertheless, sustainable surveillance of Oncomelania snails along the South?to?North Water Diversion Project will provide scientific support and safety guarantee for the construction and operation of the subsequent projects.

Key words: South?to?North Water Diversion Project, Schistosomiasis, Oncomelania hupensis, Climate change, Spread

摘要： 在我国南水北调工程开工建设前后，国内学者围绕工程建设是否会导致钉螺和血吸虫病传播北移扩散、钉螺在北方能否生存繁殖、北移并存活的钉螺能否传播血吸虫病，以及气候影响等问题开展了大量研究。南水北调工程建设对血吸虫病传播的影响主要在东线工程江苏段及中线引江济汉工程相关区域。研究表明，南水北调东线工程通过泵站抽引调水的方式及输水河道生态条件不会造成钉螺北移扩散和血吸虫病向北方传播，东线工程及中线引江济汉工程通水前后监测未发现钉螺和血吸虫病蔓延扩散迹象。持续开展南水北调工程相关区域钉螺监测可为后续工程建设和运行提供科学支撑和安全保障。

关键词: 南水北调工程, 血吸虫病, 钉螺, 气候变化, 扩散