Abstract: This paper reported one acute?lymphoblastic?leukemia patient who infected with Plasmodium falciparum after blood transfusion. Through the epidemiological investigation on this patient and the related blood donors as well as laboratory detections， the source of infection was ascertained. This blood donor was an overseas student from Africa， whose blood sample was positive in the rapid diagnostic test， and the results of microscopic examination of?peripheral blood smear and PCR both suggested P. falciparum positive.

Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Blood transfusion, Epidemiological survey

摘要： 本文报道了1例因急性淋巴细胞白血病输血后感染恶性疟原虫的病例。通过对该患者及相关供血者进行流行病学调查和实验室检测，发现传染源为1名非洲籍留学生。该供血者血样经快速诊断试纸条检测为阳性，其外周血涂片镜检及PCR检测结果均提示恶性疟原虫阳性。

关键词: 疟疾, 恶性疟原虫, 输血, 流行病学调查