Abstract: Schistosomiasis diagnosis plays an important role in the schistosomiasis control. The early detection of schistosomiasis can help to find the infectious source and prevent advanced schistosomiasis effectively. Up to now， serodiagnosis and parasitological diagnosis are used commonly to detect the infection of Schistosoma. As the schistosomiasis control program continues in China， the infection rate and infection intensity of Schistosoma japonicum are decreased significantly， which makes the serodiagnosis and parasitological diagnosis limited for lacking of sensitivity and timeliness. The molecular diagnosis has been developed greatly because of its timeliness， high specificity and sensitivity， which promotes the development and improvement of schistosomiasis diagnosis. In the endemic areas where schistosomiasis is limited and the infection rate is low， the molecular diagnosis provides a potential platform for the early detection and micro detection efficiently. Here， we provide a review that mainly emphasizes the progress of molecular detection of schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosoma； Molecular biology； Diagnostic method； Detecting technique

摘要： 血吸虫的诊断是血吸虫病防治工作中的重要环节，早期诊断可有效控制传染源和阻止晚期血吸虫病的发生。目前常用的血吸虫病诊断方法为病原学检测和血清学检测。随着我国血吸虫病防治工作的有效进行，日本血吸虫病在人群中的感染率和感染强度均显著降低，病原学和血清学检测的敏感性和时效性受到了一定的限制。分子生物学诊断方法以其高特异性、敏感性和时效性等优点，极大地促进了血吸虫病诊断方法和相关检测技术的改进和发展，为日本血吸虫病人群感染率低的流行区中进行早期诊断和微量检测奠定了基础。本文围绕国内外血吸虫分子生物学检测和诊断方法的研究进展进行一概述。

关键词: 血吸虫；分子生物学；诊断方法；检测技术