Abstract: Kala?azar was once transmitted in the northern area of the Yangtze River in China， including 16 provinces （cities or autonomous regions）. Through the great continuing prevention and control effort， this disease has been effectively controlled in the most of endemic areas. However， because the epidemic factors of the disease are complex， this disease still transmits or sporadically occurs in the western part of China， including 60 counties of Xinjiang， Gansu， Sichuan， Inner Mongolia， Shanxi， and Shaanxi provinces （autonomous regions）. Following the Management Measures for Health Criteria， the Diagnostic Criteria for Kala?azar （WS 258-2006） was compiled by the ex?Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China and it was issued in April 7， 2006 and implemented in December 1， 2006. The Criteria consists of six parts， including the application range， terms and definitions， diagnostic principle， diagnostic standard， and differential diagnosis. Two informative appendices （epidemiology and differential diagnosis） and two normative appendices （immune?detection and etiological examination） are attached. The Criteria provides the technical reference for diagnosis of kala?azar in medical institutions and disease control institutions. Combined with the current epidemic situation of kala?azar in China， this paper interprets the main contents of the Diagnostic Criteria for Kala?azar （WS 258-2006）， so as to promote its learning and implementing.

Key words: Kala?azar； Diagnosis； Criteria

摘要： 黑热病曾在我国长江以北的16个省（市、自治区）流行，经过大规模持续防治，该病在大部分流行区得到有效控制。但由于黑热病的流行因素复杂，目前在我国西部的新疆、甘肃、四川、内蒙古、山西、陕西等省（自治区）的60余县仍有流行，或有散在病例发生。遵循《卫生标准管理办法》的有关规定，原国家卫生部组织编制了《黑热病诊断标准》（WS 258-2006），并于2006年4月7日发布，2006年12月1日起实施。该标准由6部分组成，包括范围、术语和定义、诊断依据、诊断原则、诊断标准和鉴别诊断；另附有2个资料性附录（流行病学、鉴别诊断）和2个规范性附录（免疫学检测、病原学检查）。该标准的实施为我国各级医疗机构和疾病预防控制机构诊断黑热病提供了技术规范，为加强我国黑热病防治工作发挥了重要作用。本文结合我国目前黑热病的流行情况，对《黑热病诊断标准》（WS 258-2006）的主要内容进行了解读，以促进该标准的宣传贯彻和实施。

关键词: 黑热病；诊断；标准