Abstract: Objective To analyze the investigation data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in 2015， so as to provide scientific evidences for schistosomiasis control， elimination and surveillance. Methods According to National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Programme （version 2014），457 surveillance sites were selected， and the investigation data in residents， floating population， domestic animals and Oncomelania hupensis snails were collected and analyzed from four types of endemic counties. Results A total of 4 468 seropositive cases were detected from 133 350 residents， among which 4 457 residents with seropositive results received the etiological tests， and 71 of them were identified with positive results. Most of them were fishermen and farmers in the middle and old?aged group. The schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.05% in local population. Totally 977 seropositive cases were examined from 85 047 migrant individuals， and 16 positive cases were found out from 966 individuals who took etiological tests， which showed the schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.02% in floating population. Imported cases were found among floating people in four provinces， namely Zhejiang， Hunan， Hubei and Anhui provinces. No acute schistosomiasis cases were reported. A total of 13 406 head of cattle received examinations and only 5 were determined as stool positives. The cattle infection rate was 0.04%. The snail survey covered an area of 22 295.13 hm2 and snails were found in an area of 7 426.63 hm2， including 3.47 hm2 newly detected area with snails. No schistosome?infected snails were found. Conclusions Based on the collected data from 457 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China， the Schistosoma japonicum infection rate is 0.05% in local population which maintains a stably descending trend. In floating population， there are imported schistosome?infected persons. Cattle are still a vulnerable species infected with schistosome. Although no infected snails are found， snails are widely distributed in endemic areas. Some provinces detect areas with snails for the first time or the reproduction of snails. The staff in endemic provinces should carry out the surveillance work according to National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Programme （version2014） to improve the surveillance system， and enhance the sensibility and effectiveness of surveillance work.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis snail； Schistosomiasis； Floating population； Surveillance； Transmission blocking； Elimination

摘要： 目的 分析2015年全国血吸虫病疫情监测数据，为进一步控制和消除血吸虫病、开展风险监测等提供科学依据。方法 按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案 （2014年版）》的要求，在全国所有的血吸虫病流行县（市、区）和三峡库区潜在流行县（市、区）共设立457个国家级监测点，按照不同流行类型对当地常住居民、流动人群、家畜的血吸虫感染情况，以及钉螺分布和感染情况等进行监测，并对监测数据进行汇总、整理和分析。 结果 2015年全国457年监测县（市、区）共开展本地常住居民血吸虫血清学筛查共133 350人，发现血检阳性者4 468人，其中4 457名血检阳性者接受了血吸虫病原学检查，发现病原学阳性者71人，主要为中、老年组的渔船民和农民；监测点常住居民总的血吸虫感染率为0.05%。共开展流动人群血清学筛查85 047人，发现血检血吸虫阳性者977人；其中966名血检阳性者接受了血吸虫病原学检查，发现病原学阳性者16人；监测点流动人群总的血吸虫感染率为0.02%；浙江、湖南、湖北省和安徽省在监测点流动人群中发现了输入性血吸虫感染者。2015年所有监测点均无急性血吸虫病病例报告。监测点共检查家畜13 406头，查出血吸虫感染家畜（牛）5头，监测点家畜总的血吸虫感染率为0.04%。监测点共调查各类环境面积22 295.13 hm2，查出有螺环境面积7 426.63 hm2；其中新发现钉螺面积3.47 hm2，分布于江苏省和上海市；在除湖北省和广东省以外的监测点发现了钉螺复现环境82.22 hm2；所有监测点均未发现感染性钉螺。结论 全国血吸虫病监测点常住居民总的血吸虫感染率继续保持稳中有降的态势；流动人群中存在输入性血吸虫感染者。牛仍是主要的血吸虫感染家畜。虽未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺，但钉螺分布仍面广量大，且仍有新发现和复现有螺环境。各地应按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案（2014年版）》的统一要求，进一步完善监测体系，提高监测工作的科学性、敏感性和有效性。

关键词: 钉螺；血吸虫病；流动人群；监测；传播阻断；消除