Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of knowledge， attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis control of rural residents in Wanjiang River region after a flood， so as to provide the reference for targeted health education. Methods The multistage sampling was applied to select the respondents in rural residents in Wanjiang River region， and the self?designed questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation of knowledge， attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis prevention and control of the rural residents. Results The total awareness rate of knowledge about the prevention and control of schistosomiasis was 47.92%. The age， education， family income， relatives and friends with medical background， and health education significantly influenced the awareness rate （[χ2]= 12.76， 89.19， 18.19， 50.83 and 92.60 respectively， all P < 0.05）. The accuracy rates of attitude and behavior in schistosomiasis control were 62.89% and 52.37% respectively. Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge about the prevention and control of schistosomiasis， and the accuracy rates of attitude and behavior in schistosomiasis control of the rural residents in Wanjiang River region are all inefficient， and therefore， the targeted health education should be strengthened to decrease the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.

Key words: Wanjiang River region； Rural resident； Schistosomiasis； Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)

摘要： 目的 了解皖江地区农村居民血防知识、态度和行为，为开展针对性血防健教工作提供参考。 方法 采用多阶段抽样方法，选取皖江地区农村居民为调查对象，用自行设计的问卷调查其血防知识、态度、行为现状。结果 皖江地区农村居民血防知识总知晓率为47.92%；年龄、教育程度、家庭月收入、医疗机构工作的亲友和健康教育对居民知识知晓率均有显著影响（[χ2]=12.76、89.19、18.19、50.83、92.60，P均< 0.05）；血防态度和行为正确率分别为62.89%和52.37%。 结论 皖江地区农村居民血防知识知晓率、态度正确率和价值观正确率均不高，应加强健康教育，降低当地血吸虫病传播风险。

关键词: 皖江地区；农村居民；血吸虫病；知识、态度、行为