Abstract: Objective To retrospectively overview the malaria death cases reported in Henan Province and analyze the cause of death. Methods The data including basic information， epidemiological survey and medical records of malaria death cases in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In the six years， a total of 14 malaria patients were dead. All the death patients were adult males and imported from Africa. They had definite histories of living in malaria?epidemic areas and the symptoms of fever. Twelve patients were diagnosed as malaria after at least twice diagnoses. The average time from symptom appearing to correct diagnosis was 6.5 d. The causes of deaths were misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Conclusions The major reasons of malaria death cases in Henan Province are the failure of correct diagnosis and prompt treatment. Health education of malaria prevention and diagnosis and treatment training of malaria should be strengthened in order to improve the public awareness and the diagnosis ability of clinical doctors for malaria， which can prevent the death of imported malaria cases.

Key words: Imported malaria； Death case； Henan Province

摘要： 目的 回顾性分析河南省报告的疟疾死亡病例，并总结死亡原因。 方法 收集整理2010-2015年间河南省疟疾死亡病例的个案信息、流行病学调查报告以及住院病历，汇总分析。 结果 6年间河南省共计14例疟疾病例死亡，均为非洲感染的输入性恶性疟病例，青壮年男性，有明确的疟疾流行区生活史，回国后均有发热症状，其中12例辗转多家医疗机构得以确诊，从发病到确诊的平均时间为6.5 d。14例患者均因错过了最佳救治时间而死亡。 结论 就诊不及时和误诊、误治是造成河南省输入性疟疾病例死亡的主要原因。故加强宣教力度，强化培训，提高临床医生的疟疾诊治水平是防止输入性疟疾病例死亡的重要措施。

关键词: 输入性疟疾；死亡病例；河南省