Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and awareness of toxoplasmosis?related knowledge among women with poor pregnant outcomes in Wuxi City. Methods A total of 217 women with poor pregnant outcomes from Wuxi City during the period of January 2011 to December 2015 were randomly selected as the study subjects （ a study group）， while 250 women with normal pregnancy were served as controls （a control group）. The sero?prevalence of T. gondii infection was detected by using ELISA and compared between the study and control groups. The awareness of toxoplasmosis?related knowledge was investigated by using a self?designed questionnaire and compared between the study and control groups. Results The positive rate of anti?Toxoplasma antibody was 30.88% in the study group， which was significantly higher than that （8.8%） in the control group （[χ2] = 36.7， P < 0.01）. The positive rates of anti?Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were 20.74% and 10.14% in the study group respectively， which were significantly higher than those （6% and 2.8%） in the control group （[χ2]= 22.53 and 10.74， both P values < 0.01）. In addition， the positive rates of anti?Toxoplasma， anti?Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were significantly higher in the women with missed miscarriage， natural abortion， stillbirth and birth defect than those in the women with normal pregnancy （all P values < 0.05）. The awareness rates of “Do you hear about Toxoplasma or toxoplasmosis?” （P < 0.01）， “Do you know that breeding pet cats or dogs may cause Toxoplasma infection?” （P < 0.05） and “Do you know that pregnancy women require the detection of Toxoplasma infection?” （P < 0.01） were significantly lower in the study group than those in the control group， while no significant differences were seen in the awareness rates of “Do you know that eating hot pot may cause Toxoplasma infection?”， “Do you know that the use of chopping block in regardless of cooked and uncooked food may cause Toxoplasma infection?”， “Do you know that Toxoplasma infection may transfer from mother to fetus?”， “Do you know that Toxoplasma infection may cause adverse pregnant outcomes like abortion， stillbirth or fetal abnormalities ?”， and “Do you know that the women infected with T. gondii during pregnancy require treatment?” between the two groups （all P values > 0.05）. Conclusions This study demonstrates higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in women with poor pregnant outcomes than in those with normal pregnancy in Wuxi City. Considering the harm of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and the low awareness of toxoplasmosis?related knowledge in pregnant women， the health education of toxoplasmosis?related knowledge should be strengthened， especially for pregnant women， so as to reduce the prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women to improve the better child?bearing and rearing level.

Key words: Toxoplasmosis； Pregnant outcome； Pregnant woman； Sero?epidemiology； Awareness； Health education； Wuxi City

摘要：

目的 调查无锡地区不良妊娠结局妇女弓形虫感染情况及弓形虫病相关知识知晓率。 方法 以2011年1月至2015年12月无锡市217例不良妊娠结局妇女作为研究对象（试验组），以250例正常妊娠妇女作为对照。采用ELISA法检测并比较试验组和对照组血清抗弓形虫抗体阳性率。采用自行设计的问卷对试验组和对照组妇女进行问卷调查，比较两组弓形虫病相关知识知晓率。 结果 试验组妇女血清抗弓形虫抗体阳性率为30.88%，显著高于正常妊娠妇女的8.80%（[χ2]= 36.70，P < 0.01）；抗弓形虫IgG和IgM抗体阳性率分别为20.74%和10.14%，显著高于对照组的6.00%和2.80%（[χ2]= 22.53和10.74，P 均 < 0.01）。此外，以胎停、自然流产、早产和出生缺陷为妊娠结局的妇女血清抗弓形虫抗体阳性率及血清抗弓形虫IgG和IgM抗体阳性率均显著高于正常妊娠妇女（P均< 0.05）。试验组妇女对“你听说过弓形虫或弓形虫病吗？” （P < 0.01）、“你知道养宠物猫和犬会感染弓形虫吗？”（P < 0.05）和“你知道孕期需要进行弓形虫感染检查吗？”（P < 0.01）等3道问题的知晓率显著低于对照组，而两组妇女对“你知道吃火锅会感染弓形虫吗？”、“你知道家中砧板生熟不分可能会导致弓形虫感染吗？”、“你知道孕妇感染弓形虫会传给胎儿吗？”、“你知道孕期弓形虫感染会导致流产、死胎、胎儿畸形等不良妊娠结局吗？”和“你知道孕妇感染弓形虫需要治疗吗？”等问题的知晓率差异无统计学意义（P 均> 0.05）。结论 无锡市地区不良妊娠妇女弓形虫感染率显著高于正常妊娠妇女。考虑到孕妇感染弓形虫的危害以及孕妇对弓形虫病相关知识知晓率较低的现状，应进一步加大弓形虫病相关知识宣传和健康教育力度，特别是对备孕妇女开展有针对性的弓形虫病健康教育，以降低孕妇弓形虫感染率、提高优生优育水平。

关键词: 弓形虫病；妊娠结局；孕妇；血清流行病学；知晓率；健康教育；无锡市