Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control for schistosomiasis in key areas of Jiangsu Province. Methods The basic data and the data of implementation of comprehensive control measures were collected from the key areas of Jiangsu Province, including 30 townships, 87 marshlands and 78 anchor points. A field survey was carried out to investigate the Oncomelania snail status by using the systematic sampling method and schistosomiasis morbidity in humans and animals in the 12 key counties (districts). The changes of snail status and morbidity of humans and animals were statistically analyzed in key counties (districts) where comprehensive control measures was implemented, and the effects of schistosomiasis control before and after the implementation of the comprehensive control were compared. Results From 2008 to 2010, a total of 84 100 harmless latrines were constructed, 339 600 persons were examined, 2.6938 million people received health education, 112 000 protective creams and 798 000 publicity materials were allocated, 9 085 domestic animals were reared in pens, 11 800 domestic animals were exam? ined, 130 high?risk cattle were eliminated in 30 key townships of 12 countries (districts), Jiangsu Province. A total of 19 640.78 hm2 were controlled with molluscicides, 798 warning tablets were placed, 116.07 hm2 of farmlands were ploughed up and planted, 306.80 hm2 were dug for fish culture, and 506.74 hm2 were planted with trees for snail control in 87 high?risk marshlands. A total of 118.83 million Yuan were invested into the water resources development projects, 39.82 km?long rivers were dredged, 70.04 km ? long bank were concreted, 30 culvert gates were re?constructed, and 22 snail sedimentation tanks were built. In the 78 anchor points, 95 harmless public toilets were built, 3 192 stool container were allocated, 28 700 boatmen were examined, 71 600 protective creams and 53 200 publicity materials were allocated, and 46 600 persons received health education. Following the implementation of comprehensive control, the settings with infected snails, infected snail areas, infection rates of snails reduced from 75, 802.73 hm2 and 0.10% before the comprehensive control in 2007 to all 0 in 2010, with reduction rates of all 100%. The infection rates of schistosome in both humans and domestic animals appeared declining trends in 12 counties (districts) from 2005 to 2010, and the human infection rates were 0.16%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 0.01%, respectively, while being 0.11%, 0.05%, 0, 0, 0 and 0, respectively in domestic animals. During the period of comprehensive control, totally 45 transmission?controlled town? ships and 183 villages were newly added. In 2010, all of the 12 counties (districts) reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmis? sion control. Conclusions The comprehensive control with emphasis on the key areas where infected snails are found, is an effective measure to further facilitate schistosomiasis control and rapidly control the transmission of schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosomiasis japonica, Key area, Comprehensive control, Transmission control, Effect evaluation, Jiangsu Province

摘要：

目的 评价江苏省血吸虫病防治重点地域实施综合治理的效果。方法 收集江苏省重点地域12个县 （区） 30个乡 （镇）、 87个滩块、 78个渔船民集散地的血吸虫病基础资料和综合治理措施实施情况， 采用现场调查的方法， 每年对12个重点地域县 （区） 有螺环境进行系统抽样螺情调查和人畜病情调查， 统计分析实施血防重点地域综合治理县 （区） 螺情指标和人畜病情指标变化趋势， 比较对策实施前后控制血吸虫病的效果。结果 2008-2010年在江苏省12个县 （区） 的30个重点乡 （镇） 共建造无害化户厕8.41万座， 居民查病33.96万人次， 健康教育269.38万人次， 发放防护霜11.20万人份， 发放宣传品79.80万人份， 家畜圈养9 085头， 家畜查病1.18万头 （只） 次， 淘汰易感耕牛130头； 对87个高危易感江滩实施药物灭螺19 640.78 hm2 ， 竖立警示牌798块， 翻耕种植116.07 hm2 ， 挖池养鱼306.80 hm2 ， 兴林抑螺506.74 hm2 ， 水利项目投入11 883 万元， 治理河道39.82 km， 硬化护坡70.04 km， 涵闸改建30座， 建造沉螺池22座； 在78个渔船民集散地建造无害化公厕95 座， 发放粪便收集容器3 192 套， 查治船民2.87万人次， 发放防护霜7.16万人份， 发放宣传品5.32万人份， 健康教育4.66万人次。综合治理实施后， 12个县 （区） 的感染性钉螺环境数、 感染性钉螺面积和钉螺感染率分别由实施前 （2007年） 的75 个、 802.73 hm2 、 0.10%均下降为0， 下降率均达100%； 2005-2010年12个县 （区） 居民感染率和家畜感染率呈逐年下降趋势，其中居民感染率分别为0.16%、 0.04%、 0.02%、 0.02%、 0.01%和0.01%， 家畜感染率分别为0.11%、 0.05%、 0、 0、 0和0。重点地域综合治理期间新增传播控制乡 （镇） 45个、 村183个， 至2010年12个县 （区） 全部达到血吸虫病传播控制标准。结论针对感染性钉螺环境为主的重点地域综合治理， 是进一步推进防治工作进程、 快速实现血吸虫病传播控制的有效举措。

关键词: 日本血吸虫病；重点地域；综合治理；传播控制；效果评价；江苏省