Abstract:

Objective  To explore and integrate the key techniques used in the surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis in the water regions along the Yangtze River，so as to provide technical support for identifying rapidly the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and implementing control measures targeting the risk. Methods   According to the distribution of water systems and water regions along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province，the demonstration sites for surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis were set across the province，where the integration and demonstration of the techniques regarding monitoring of Schistosoma japonicum infection in sentinel mice，human and animal activities，release of forecast information，and emergency treatment of water regions at risk of infection were performed. The pattern of human and animal activities was compared with the S. japonicum infection in sentinel mice in the demonstration sites，and the operability of the release of information and emergency treatment of the risk of S. japonicum infection was evaluated. Results  A total of 50 demonstration sites for surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis were set in fixed anchor points，opening of the navigation lock to the Yangtze River，freight terminal，agritainment places，ferry，large construction places，and places for guaranteeing the Youth Olympic Games in 23 counties（districts）of 5 cities，Jiangsu Province. During the period between May and September，2014，the infectivity of water body was monitored by using 5 batches of sentinel mice，with a 99.06%（4 954/5 001）gross recovery rate of mice. S. japonicum infection was detected in a demonstration site，and an infected mouse was found，with a 0.02%（1/4 933）gross positive rate of sentinel mice. The field survey showed 2 088 person?times contacting water，including 91.95%（1920/2 088）contacting water due to the production such as capturing fish，harvesting and cultivating crops，and repairing and building boats，and 8.05%（168/2 088） contacting water due to the life activity，such as fishing，washing vegetables and playing with water. The people contacted water predominantly in August and September（49.57%）. A total of 859 boats containing 1 877 boatmen were observed，68.22%（586/859）of which were fishing boats containing 1 306 fishermen（69.58%）. There were 32 sheep found in 4 demonstration sites， and 3 sheep were seen in the demonstration site with infected sentinel mouse. Four blue forecasts（emergence of water contact）
and one orange forecast（S. japonicum?infected sentinel mouse detected）were released across the province，with one forecast map released which showed 5 sites with fishing and one site with sheep grazing，one emergency response system initiated，mollusciciding implemented in 10 hm2 high?risk regions，120 sheep grazed in fence，and 35 fishermen given health?education materials，schistosomiasis examination and preventive therapy. In addition，no acute schistosomiasis occurred in the demonstration site with S. japonicum?infected sentinel mice. Conclusions  The integration and demonstration of the techniques regarding monitoring of S. japonicum infection in sentinel mice，human and animal activities，release of forecast information，and emergency treatment of water regions at risk of infection provides an effective approach for the large?scale surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Surveillance and forecast, Forecast technique, Forecast information, Emergency treatment, Integration and demonstration, Jiangsu Province

摘要：

目的  开展江苏省沿江水域血吸虫病监测预警技术研究与集成示范，为及时发现血吸虫病传播风险并采取有针对性的防控措施提供技术支撑。方法  根据江苏省长江流域水系和沿江水域分布等特征，在全省重点区域设立血吸虫病监测预警示范点，开展哨鼠感染监测、人畜活动观察、预警信息发布、风险水域应急处置等技术集成示范，比较示范区内人畜活动方式与哨鼠感染情况，评价示范区血吸虫感染风险信息发布与应急处置流程的可操作性。结果  在江苏省沿江5个市23个县（市、区）的渔船民集散地、船闸通江口、码头、农家乐游玩地、渡口、大型工地和南京青年奥运会保障地等环境水域设立50个监测预警示范点。2014年5-9月共进行了5个批次哨鼠监测，哨鼠总回收率为99.06%（4 954/5 001）；发现哨鼠感染点1个，查出阳性哨鼠1只，哨鼠总阳性率为0.02%（1/4 933）。现场观察发现接触江水人员2 088人次，其中捕鱼、收种作物和修造船等生产性接触江水占91.95%（1 920/2 088），钓鱼、洗菜、戏水等生活性接触江水占8.05%（168/2 088）；以8-9月接触水体人员居多，占49.57%。现场观察到停靠船只859条，船民1 877人，其中渔船占68.22%（586/859）、渔民占69.58%（1 306/1 877）。共在4个点观察到放养羊32只，其中在哨鼠感染点发现有散放羊3只。全省共发布了4次蓝色预警（接触疫水）和1次橙色预警（哨鼠阳性），发布预警地图1幅，其中显示有5个为捕鱼点、1个为羊散放点；启动应急响应机制1次；完成高危环境药物灭螺10 hm2；对120只散放羊实施集中圈养处理；对35名捕鱼人员发放宣传材料并开展查病和预防性治疗等措施。哨鼠阳性区域内未发生血吸虫急性感染。结论  哨鼠感染监测、人畜活动观察、预警信息发布和风险水域应急处置等技术的集成示范为开展大流域血吸虫病监测预警提供了有效方法。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 监测预警, 预警技术, 预警信息, 应急处置, 集成示范, 江苏省