Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the application effect of Oncomelania hupensis snail crusher in batch detection. Methods The O. hupensis snail crushers and triangular flasks for cercariae shedding were made. The uninfected snails were divided into 4 groups with the snail number of 50， 100， 200， 300， respectively， and then they were put in 40 triangular flasks， 10 flasks each group. Three flasks in each group were randomly selected， and 12 schistosome infected O. hupensis snails were put into the flasks （1 snail per flask）. The 12 flasks with infected O. hupensis snails were put back to each group and were numbered uniformly. The O. hupensis snails in each group were crushed by the O. hupensis snail crushers， and the crushing rate of snails， and average crushing time and duration were recorded. When all the O. hupensis snails were crushed， water was added into the flasks， and water films from each flask were taken and observed under microscopes， the number of cercariae was recorded and the detection rates of each group were calculated. Meanwhile， the O. hupensis snails in the field were collected and they were detected by crushing method and crushing and shedding method with O. hupensis snail crushers， and the coincidence rate of the two methods was calculated. Results The crushing rate of snails in all the 4 groups were 100%， the average crushing times of groups with 50， 100， 200， 300 snails were 15.70， 23.20， 32.20， 39.20， respectively， and the average duration was 1.01，1.70， 2.00， 3.00 min， respectively. Both the crushing time and duration were positively correlated with the number of snails detected （r = 0.68， 0.73， both P＜0.01）. The detection rates of cercariae in all the 4 groups were 100%. In the field application， 109 snails were detected by the crushing method， 620 ones were detected by the crushing and shedding method with O. hupensis snail crushers， and no infected snails were found， the coincidence rate of the two methods were 100%. Conclusion The O. hupensis snail crusher with the advances of easy operation and labor?saving is valuable of field promotion.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis snail crusher, Flask for cercariae shedding, Batch detection, Modified crushing and shedding method, Crushing method

摘要：

目的 评价钉螺压碎器在批量检测血吸虫感染性钉螺中的应用效果。方法 制作钉螺压碎器和逸蚴三角瓶，将未感染血吸虫的钉螺按50、100、200、300只分成4组，分别装入逸蚴三角瓶中，每组10瓶；从每组中随机选3瓶，将实验室人工培养的血吸虫感染性钉螺12只分别投入各瓶，每瓶1只；将装有感染性钉螺的逸蚴瓶放回各组统一编号。用钉螺压碎器压碎钉螺，记录各组碎螺率、施压次数与时间；待钉螺全部被压碎后，加水并取水膜至显微镜下观察，记录尾蚴数量并计算各组尾蚴检出率。现场采集钉螺，用压碎法和钉螺压碎器改良压碎逸蚴法（压逸法）进行检测，计算二者的符合率。结果 实验室50、100、200、300只组钉螺碎螺率均为100%，每组平均施压次数分别为15.70、23.20、32.20、39.20次，平均施压时间分别为1.01、1.70、2.00、3.00 min，施压次数、时间与批量钉螺只数呈正相关（r = 0.68、0.73，P均＜0.01）；各组尾蚴检出率均为100%。现场应用中，压碎法检测钉螺109只，钉螺压碎器压逸法检测620只，均未发现感染性钉螺，两种方法符合率为100%。结论 钉螺压碎器操作简单、省力，具有现场推广应用价值。

关键词: 钉螺压碎器, 逸蚴三角瓶, 批量检测, 改良压碎逸蚴法, 压碎法