中国血吸虫病防治杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 611-617.

• 特约专稿 •    下一篇

2015年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

张利娟|徐志敏|钱颖骏|党辉|吕山|许静|李石柱|周晓农*   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所、世界卫生组织热带病合作中心、卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室(上海 200025)
  • 出版日期:2016-12-11 发布日期:2016-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 周晓农
  • 作者简介:张利娟|女|硕士|副研究员。研究方向:血吸虫病流行病学
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004220、2016ZX10004222?004);中英全球卫生支持项目(GHSP?CS?OP1?01)

Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People’s Republic of China in 2015

ZHANG Li-juan| XU Zhi-min| QIAN Ying-jun| DANG Hui| LV Shan| XU Jing| LI Shi-zhu| ZHOU Xiao-nong*   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases| Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention| WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases| Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology| Ministry of Health| Shanghai 200025| China
  • Online:2016-12-11 Published:2016-12-11
  • Contact: ZHOU Xiao?nong

摘要: 本文通报了2015年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和457个国家级血吸虫病监测点 疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2015年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广 东、广西等省(直辖市、自治区)已达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准,四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西及湖南等7个省已达到 传播控制标准。全国共有453个血吸虫病流行县(市、区),总人口2.52亿人;共有29 980个流行村,总人口6 861.30万 人。全国453个流行县(市、区)中,343个(占75.72%)达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准;110个(占24.28%)达到传播控制标 准。2015年全国推算血吸虫病人77 194例,较2014年的115 614例减少了33.23%;全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例;现存 晚期血吸虫病人30 843例。2015年全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 736 036 例,共发现粪检阳性3 606 例,较2014 年的8 270例减少了56.40%。2015年全国共有19 965个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,5 609个村查出钉螺,占调查总数 的28.09%;共新查出31个有螺村;共查螺593 572.66 hm2,查出有螺面积173 462.50 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积666.04 hm2,未发现感染性钉螺;血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛879 373头,共检查耕牛526 062头,发现粪检阳性耕牛315头。 2015年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人170 438例,扩大化疗2 449 696人次;治疗病牛318头,扩大化疗耕牛483 213头次;开展 药物灭螺总面积144 305.52 hm2,实际药物灭螺69 221.57 hm2,环境改造灭螺4 572.06 hm2。2015年全国457个国家级血 吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.05%和0.04%,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,全国已达 到血吸虫病传播控制标准,血吸虫病疫情进一步下降;但部分新达标地区疫情尚不稳定,仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测 工作力度。

关键词: 血吸虫病;疫情;中国

Abstract: This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China at a national level in 2015,and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and 457 national schis? tosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces(municipality,autonomous region)endemic for schistosomiasis japonica in P. R. China,5 provinces(municipality,autonomous region),i.e.,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong and Guangxi, had achieved transmission interruption,and 7 provinces of Sichuan,Yunnan,Jiangsu,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangxi and Hunan had achieved transmission control by the end of 2015. There were 453 endemic counties(city,district)covering 252 million peo? ple,specifically including 29 980 endemic villages of 68.61 million people at risk of infection. Among the 453 endemic counties (city,district),75.72%(343/453)and 24.28%(110/453)reached the criteria of transmission interruption and transmission control,respectively. By the end of 2015,it was estimated of 77 194 cases of schistosomiasis,which were decreased by 33.23% compared with 115 614 cases in 2014. No acute schistosomiasis cases were reported in 2015. There were 30 843 advanced schis? tosomiasis cases documented in 2015. A total of 8 736 036 individuals received schistosomiasis examinations and 3 606 individu? als were parasitologically diagnosed,which were decreased by 56.40% compared with 8 270 cases in 2014. An Oncomelania hu? pensis snail survey was performed in 19 965 endemic villages and the snails were found in 5 609 villages,accounting for 28.09% of total villages,with 31 newly detected villages with snails. The snail survey covered an area of 593 572.66 hm2 and snails were found in an area of 173 462.50 hm2,including a newly detected area of 666.04 hm2. No infected snails were found in 2015. A to? tal of 879 373 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic regions. Of them,526 062 bovines received stool examina? tions,resulting in 315 infected bovines. There were 170 438 schistosomiasis cases receiving drug treatment in 2015,with 2 449 696 individuals undergoing expanded chemotherapy. There were 318 bovines with schistosomiasis receiving drug treatment,with 483 213 bovines undergoing expanded chemotherapy. A total of 144 305.52 hm2 area was subject to snail control by using mollus? cicides,with an actual molluscicide?treated area of 69 221.57 hm2,and 4 572.06 hm2 snail habitats were treated by environmen? tal modification. Based on the data from the 457 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites,the mean Schistosoma japonicum in? fection rate was 0.05% and 0.04% in humans and bovines,respectively. No infected snails were found in all the surveillance sites. The results demonstrate a decline in the endemicity of schistosomiasis in P. R. China and the country reached the criteria of transmission control at the national level. However,the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is unstable in some regions with newly?reached transmission control,and further control and effective surveillance should be strengthened to consolidate the achievements and reduce the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in P. R. China.

Key words: Schistosomiasis;Endemic status;China

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